A Study Of Language Force Of Chongqing Dialect Particles From The Perspective Of Cognitive Linguistics

Dialect plays an indispensible role in transferring human feelings in daily communication.As an important region which features of Chinese culture,Chongqing's dialect is characterized by its strong emotion.In the process of using particls,the pragmatic effect is gradually derived and placed in linguistic considerations.Thereby,the concept of “language force” comes out.Language force is an invisible force metaphors from physical force based on the force-dynamic model.In this model,the state of the listener is usually regarded as the Agonist,while the speaker's words are considered as the Antagonist to resist it.Antagonist will alter the strength and direction of Agonist.Nevertheless,from the perspective of cognitive linguistics,there are quite a few factors may affect language force.Therefore,this study aims to analyze Chongqing dialect particles more deeply and specifically from cognitive linguistics to explore the following questions:(1)How many functions do particles have?(2)A function can be illustrated by different particles.So are there any differences in its perlocutionary effect?(3)what factors may influence the balance of force dynamic system? How does it produce its perlocutionary effect?Firstly,this paper collects a few sentences with particles from the native dialect program The Foggy Night.Afterward,the sentences are analyzed and classified.It proves that particles have various functions.They are mainly indicating surprising,reminding,and changing the tone.What's more,it will explore the purpose of using the most conventional functions.Secondly,in the course of classifying,it finds that a particle has more than one function,even different particles can describe the same function.Therefore,this study will use contrastive analysis method.By comparing the sentences that with particles and without particles,or the sentences that ended up with different particles but conveying the same expression,different perlocutionary effect can be analyzed.Thestudy reveals the language force can be measured.What's more,all expressions have critical points.Once it exceeds the point,the sentence is successful.Finally,abundant examples are combined with the theory to illustrate the balance process.The language force will influence the perlocutionary effect while language force is subjected to the listener,speaker and social culture.As a result,before making a sentence,the speaker should think over these factors: whether the speaker can accept the expression;does the sentence in accordance with the social standard? Is the sentence helpful for achieving the purpose?According to what we have discussed,Chongqing dialect particles have many functions,and they are influenced by the speaker,listener and social environment.That is to say,language force is a changeable item.Individuals can choose an appropriate particle to achieve the perlocutionary act according to their needs.Besides,this study also applies the theory in pragmatics and cognitive linguistics more than electronic and physic field..Through the above discussion,this study has attempted to explore the factors that influence language force in Chongqing dialect based on the analysis of the general classification and function.Then it will elaborate the cognitive process and representation of particles in human minds based on this model.Finally,we expect the study will ultimately promote the daily communication for the residents.At the same time,this study is expected to provide a reference for future dialect researches,dialect usage and dialect protection,and further to enrich the scope of language researches.