A Research On Thoughts And Practice Of Statecraft Of Lv Kun

Lv Kun was the famous scholar and officer in later Ming Dynasty,whose ideology was mostly kept in ShenYinYu(?????),Shi ZhengLu(?????),and QuWeiZhaiWenJi(???????).Lv Kun opposed the Yang-Ming mind theories,especially the deviation of Yang-Ming study followers from original Confucian.For Cheng-Zhu Idealism,he appreciated the moralists'inheritance in Song and Ming Dynasty of Confucian Orthodoxy,criticized the hollowness in the trend of later Ming Dynasty.And this was also where Lv Kun's thoughts of emphasizing statecraft originated.Lv Kun paid great attention to the practice.In his political career,Lv Kun stock to practice his thoughts.During his tenure as an official,Lv Kun took enlightenment as his first priority.Lu Kun pointed out that the pursuit of interests by the world,ignoring morality,and the disintegration of ethical code,were rooted in the fact that the social responsibilities of the ethical activists were unburdened.To solve this problem,Lv Kun created the“XiangJiaYue(???)”,aiming at that basic-level government could totally responsible for the morality education in the society and schools.In practice,Lv Kun's brief tenure made it difficult for him to thoroughly promote and implement this policy,as well as this policy had exposed many problems.The root cause was that Lv Kun's design rules were too cumbersome and overly reliant on moral consciousness of grass-roots leaders and grassroots officials.The compulsory implementation of the system also deviated from the people's natural appeal.Lv Kun pointed out that the lack of governance reflected the lack of professionalism and lack of sense of responsibility of the bureaucrats' teams.And they also showed the lack of professional skills needed for jobs.In his ideal situation,authority should played a more positive role.Lv Kun against the acts of seclusion to shirk social responsibility,nor advocating public appraisal of state affairs and guiding public opinion.In his thoughts,the support of imperial power is not the core element of improving the status.As solution,Lv Kun wrote ShiZhengLu,making a detailed description of the technical means required by different administrative positions.He did not intend to implement institutional reforms,but only made up for the existing omissions.The lack of supreme power made it difficult for Lv Kun to establish an effective supervision,reward and punishment mechanism,relying only on empty moral teachings and moral consciousness of officials at all levels,and the practical effect was equally not optimistic.As a Confucian,Lv Kun actively sought solutions to social crises in the face of changes in the late Ming period.On the other hand,he often fell into the Confucian idealism and dogmatism.He was overly convinced of the strength of moral education and individual moral consciousness.Consciousness,failed to make a strong transformation from the institutional level.This contradiction caused Lv Kun's practical experience to be unsatisfactory.Lv Kun's reputation as the world's best known person was constructed by the "historical consciousness" initiated by the society under the similar social changes and rationalism of Confucianism since the middle and late Qing Dynasty.