The Predynastic Shang Cuture In Eastern Henan

The Predynastic Shang Culture is an important academic issue in the archaeological study of the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties and even in the Chinese archaeology.The origin of the Shang clan is a key issue in the exploration of Predynastic Shang Culture,and it has long been the mainstream point of view in academic field that the Shang clan originates from Dongyi clan.So far,the origin of the Shang clan and the Predynastic Shang Culture are still the hot and difficult academic topics.The study of the Predynstic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan includes two aspects: the origin of the Shang clan and the exploration of the Predynastic Shang Culture.Therefore,the topic of this paper is very meaningful and valuable.This paper takes the Predynastic Culture in the Eastern Henan as the research object.On the basis of sorting the data,by using the method of cultural factor analysis,the method of vertical and horizontal comparison and the method of double evidence,and through the comprehensive analysis of archaeological data and documentation,this paper makes comprehensive investigation and deeply systematic study on the Predynastic Shang Culture and its related issues,including the distribution and age,the stages and types,the characteristics and the nature of the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan,and the relationship between the Predynastic Shang Culture and the neighboring cultures in the Eastern Henan,and the origin of the Shang clan,and so on.There is a new explanation about some difficult academic issues,too.First of all,this paper analyzes the Longshan culture,Yueshi culture and Xiaqiyuan culture one by one in the Predynastic Shang Culture period through the typology and cultural factor methods,points out that the late Longshan culture,the Yueshi culture and Xiaqiyuan culture were part of the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan.The Eastern Henan was the main distribution area of the Longshan culture and Yueshi culture,and the two cultures had obvious inheritance relationship.Moreover,it is also a common understanding in the academic field that the Dawenkou culture,Longshan culture and Yueshi culture was created by the Dongyi clan,and the Shang clan originated from Yi clan.Therefore it can be concluded that the culture of the Predynastic Shang period in the Eastern Henan should be the culture of the Shang clan,the potteries of each culture in the Predynastic Shang of the Eastern Henan had been inherited and developed before and after,so combined with the stratigraphic superimposed pressure relation and the carbon fourteen dating comprehensive analysis,the development sequence of the culture in the Predynastic Shang in The Eastern Henan was: the Longshan culture,the Yueshi culture,the Xiaqiyuan culture,and the ErLigang culture.The early Longshan culture in The Eastern Henan absorbed many factors from the Dawenkou cultural,and in the middle and late periods,it developed into the Zaolvtai type and the late period of this type belongs to the early stage of the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan.The Yueshi culture originated from the local Longshan culture and had the inheritance relationship with the Erligang early Shang culture.It was the middle and late stage of the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan.The Lutaigang type of Xiaqiyuan culture in the Eastern Henan had an obvious inheritance relationship with the Erligang Predynastic Shang Culture.Meanwhile,this culture was deeply influenced by the local Yueshi culture,and was a mixed evolution of the Longshan culture and Yueshi culture in the Eastern Henan.The Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan could be divided into three types: the Zaolvtai type,Anqiugudui type and Lutaigang type.Secondly,through the analysis of the relationships between the Predynastic Shang Culture and the neighboring cultures in the Eastern Henan,it should be considered that the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan was deeply influenced by the local culture and the surrounding cultures,and just as the traditional Yueshi culture originated from the Haidai Longshan culture,the Anqiugudui type of the Yueshi culture in the Eastern Henan was basically consistent with the distribution area of the Zaolvtai type of the Longshan culture.There was an inheritance and development relationship between the two cultures.The main features of the potteries from the Yueshi culture were similar to those of the lower layers of Erligang and Nanguan,which could be inherited and developed.Under the influence of the Dongyi culture,the advanced Erlitou culture factors were absorbed in the development process of the predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan,then gradually developed and expanded from the east to the west.When the culture reached the eastern and western edge of Henan,they developed into Lutaigang type.The complexity and variability of the cultural characteristics of the Xiaqiyuan culture in the Eastern Henan was the result of the integration of multiple cultures.Thirdly,on the issue of the origin of the Shang clan,it is believed that the theory of the Eastern Henan is more credible.The documentation recorded that the Shang clan originated from the Yi clan,and the relevant historical facts of the Shang ancestors occurred in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.There are still a number of historical geographical names related to the Shang ancestors' kings are preserved up to now.It is no coincidence that there are many archaeological stratums where the Erligang culture was superimposed on the Yueshi culture or the Xiaqiyuan culture.Through the analysis of a large number of historical materials about the origin of the Shang clan and the comparative study of the major theories about the origin of the Shang clan,this paper further proves that the Shang clan originated in the Eastern Henan,and the origin of the Shang clan can also proves the Predynastic Shang Culture in the Eastern Henan.