A Comparison Between Nalbuphine And Lidocaine On The Prevention Of Propofol-induced Injection Pain During Gastroscopy

Objective:Propofol is often used in painless endoscopy anesthesia.However,propofol injection pain is a common adverse effect.The aim of this study was to investigate the different effects of nalbuphine and lidocaine on the prevention of propofol-induced injection pain.Methods:A total of 300 adults who were scheduled to undergo gastroscopy and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical status of I or II were enrolled in this study.These patients were randomly divided into three groups: the nalbuphine group(group N),lidocaine group(group L),and control group(group C).The N,L,and C groups received either 0.1 mg/kg nalbuphine,0.5 mg/kg lidocaine,or an equivalent volume of normal saline,respectively,as pretreatment.Propofol was injected 1 min after the pretreatment drug was administered.A researcher who was blinded to the treatments in this study used a four-point verbal rating scale to assess the patients' pain level.Additionally,adverse effects and vital signs were recorded.Results:The incidence of propofol injection pain was higher in group C than in group N and group L(64%,34%,and 27%,respectively,p < 0.05).The percentage of patients with mild pain after propofol injection was significantly lower in group N than in group C and group L(19%,37%,and 25%,respectively,p < 0.05).No statistical differences were found between the percentages of patients with moderate pain among the three groups.The percentage of patients with severe pain after propofol injection was significantly higher in group C than in group N and group L(12%,1%,and 0%,respectively,p < 0.05).Conclusion : Pretreatment with nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg decreased propofol injection pain as effectively as lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg.