M1 Macrophages Combine With Platelets And Tumor Cells To Promote Tumor Metastasis

In medicine,tumors are usually divided into two types,benign tumors and malignant tumors.Malignant tumors can be divided into two types.The first type is tumors derived from epithelial cells,commonly known as cancer,and the second type is tumors derived from non-epithelial cells,such as tumors derived from mesenchymal cells,called sarcomas.Malignant tumors have been an unsolvable problem in human medicine for centuries since its emergence.Benign tumors can generally be treated by surgery and other methods.The characteristics of malignant tumors make their mortality rate high.The main and most direct reason for the high mortality rate of malignant tumors is the metastatic spread of malignant tumors.Once metastatic tumors have metastasized,they can spread directly to adjacent tissues or metastasize from near to far through lymph and blood.It makes a huge difference in the medical process.Macrophages are a major type of immune cell in the tumor microenvironment.Previous studies have shown that tumor-associated macrophages are mainly M2 type macrophages,which promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of malignant tumors,while the effect of M1 type macrophages is just the opposite.At the same time,previous studies have also shown that platelets can accumulate in tumor tissues or adhere to the surface of tumor cells to promote tumor metastasis.Platelets can reprogram the transcriptome of macrophages,thereby affecting the immune activities of macrophages.However,the relationship between macrophage polarity and tumor metastasis is not clear yet,especially in the presence of platelets.In this thesis,the relationship between tumor cells,platelets and macrophages cultured in vitro was studied in vitro by detecting metastasis-related gene expression in macrophages,infection and metastasis,in vitro imaging and flow cytometry.The results showed that M1 type macrophages cultured with GM-CSF highly expressed genes that promote tumor metastasis,and co-cultured with tumor cells promoted tumor cell invasion and metastasis.Flow cytometry data showed M1 type with the help of platelets,macrophages can form a ternary microsphere structure(macrophage-platelet-tumor cell)with tumor cells better.We can also visually see the structure of the ternary microsphere st under high content screening images,and when we use p Hrodo for this experiment observation that the macrophages encapsulated thetumor cells and platelets,they did not transport them to the lysosome,suggesting that the structure of the ternary microsphere may help tumor metastasis.The specific mechanism of the ternary microsphere structure for tumor metastasis needs to be further studied.