| From May to September 2018,five primary schools in Xicheng District(Beijing City,China)reported five successive aggregation-fever events of respiratory-tract infection.To understand their epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics,field investigations were carried out.Meanwhile,throat-swab samples were collected,and 17 common respiratory viruses were detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)for pathogen screening.Virus isolation was undertaken on HAdV-positive samples and complete sequences of three capsid proteins(penton base,hexon and fiber)and whole gene were amplified to further confirm the type of HAdV.Comparison analyses were undertaken between the viruses isolated in the present study and strains from the GenBank database.Results showed that HAdV-3 was the main pathogen responsible for the five aggregation-fever events.Further research revealed that HAdV-3 worldwide could be divided into two evolutionary branches(Cladel and Clade2).HAdV-3 strains that have been prevalent in China since 2004 belonged to Clade2,which is also the predominant strain circulating worldwide in recent years.HAdV-3 strains within the two branches were highly conserved in all gene sequences.The present study provided basic scientific data for the prevention and control of respiratory HAdV in China,as well as the development of a vaccine for important types of HAdV.HAdV can cause a variety of diseases,and sometimes leads to outbreaks of respiratory diseases.In order to understand the detection status of HAdV in the pathogenic spectrum of different diseases,this study conducted Meta analysis on the detection rate of HAdV in 284 studies that met the inclusion criteria,including heterogeneity test,pooling rate by random effect model,Meta regression,sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis.Results showed that the detection rate varied greatly and heterogeneity of 284 studies was relatively large.Different methods were used to reduce or analyze the heterogeneity:the total detection rate by random effect model was 4.21%(95%CI:3.80%～4.66%);the detection rate of each subgroup was gastrointestinal diseases 5.06%(95%CI:4.22%～6.06%),respiratory diseases 3.97%(95%CI:3.53%～4.46%),children 4.50%(95%CI:4.06%～4.99%),adults 2.09%(95%CI:1.22%～3.56%),antigen test 1.94%(95%CI:1.64%～2.30%),nucleic acid test 5.82%(95%CI:5.21%～6.49%),serum test 5.60%(95%CI:4.17%～7.48%),eastern 3.67%(95%CI:3.18%～4.24%),central 6.07%(95%CI:5.20%～7.08%),western 5.00%(95%CI:4.03%～6.18%),≦1000 sample size 6.10%(95%CI:5.39%～6.91%)and>1000 sample size 2.66%(95%CI:2.32%～3.05%)respectively;the significant factors of Meta regression analysis were disease type,age,detection method,research area and sample size,and adjusted R2=37.15%.This study suggests that the Meta analysis needs to be improved to conduct pooling detection rate like HAdV with great heterogeneity.Different disease types,age,detection methods,research area and sample size account for part of the resources for heterogeneity. |
