| Codonopsis pilosula is not only a commonly used tonic in traditional Chinese medicine,but also a kind of food with various health functions.However,there are some problems such as low efficiency,food safety and so on during drying process.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a drying method which can not only ensure the quality,but also be efficient and environmentally friendly.In this study,the low-temperature heat pump drying technology was applied to the drying of Codonopsis pilosula.The effects of different drying parameters on the quality of Codonopsis pilosula were discussed.Objective To test whether the content of water,ash and extract of Codonopsis pilosula can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia under different drying parameters;To test if there is any difference in water content,ash content and extract content among samples with different drying parameters.To test whether the specifications of Codonopsis pilosula can affect the drying effect under different drying parameters;To test the influence of different drying parameters on the composition and quality of Codonopsis pilosula;Consider test index and similarity to select the best drying parameter.Methods 1.Description of properties:describe the shape,color,smell,size,texture,cross-section and other characteristics of the medicinal materials,observe the medicinal materials directly,make conclusions consistent with the objective reality,and distinguish the superior and inferior of Codonopsis pilosula.2.Index determination:According to the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the moisture,ash,and extractives are measured to test if they meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.3.Data analysis:SPSS 25.0statistical software was used to analyze the data,?=0.05 as the test standarddetermine.To test the effect of different drying parameters on the three major types of ingredients,and whether there are differences in samples of different specifications.4.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to evaluate the similarity of samples:HPLC was used to determine the fingerprint of Codonopsis pilosula,and"similarity evaluation system of TCM fingerprint"was used to evaluate the similarity.Compared with the traditional dried samples of Codonopsis pilosula,the similarity evaluation was carried out to judge the difference between the samples and the traditional dried samples under different drying parameters.Results 1.The shape of different batches of Codonopsis pilosula is long cylindrical,slightly curved;the surface is grayish yellow,with longitudinal wrinkles;the root head has stem marks and buds with verrucous protuberances,with few ring lines and obvious lenticel protuberances;the texture is hard,dense and slightly sweet.2.Under different drying parameters,there was no difference in water content(P=0.067)and ash content(P=0.085),however leachables(P=0.005)were statistically significant.The difference between drying parameter 1 and drying parameter 2 was statistically significant(P=0.01).And the content of leachables is more higher with specific drying parameters<Humidity<20%,temperature35?(1h)-38?(4h)-41?(2h)-44?(2h)-47?(2h)-50?(7h)-40?(12h)-36?(1h)>.With the same drying parameters,there was no significant difference in ash and extract between different specifications of Codonopsis pilosula samples,yet there was significant difference in water content.But they all meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.3.The fingerprint of Codonopsis pilosula was established,and compared with the sample fingerprints of the traditional drying process,the similarity on the fingerprints of the drying parameter 1<Humidity<20%,temperature37?(2h)-42?(2h)-47?(2h)-50?(2h)-55?(2h)-48?(2h)-45?(2h)-42?(2h)>and the drying parameter 2<Humidity<20%,temperature35?(1h)-38?(4h)-41?(2h)-44?(2h)-47?(2h)-50?(7h)-40?(12h)-36?(1h)>are greater than 0.952,while the similarity on the fingerprints of the drying parameter 3<Humidity<20%,temperature40?(30h)>and the drying parameter 4<Humidity<20%,temperature55?(16h)>are between 0.418 and 0.912.Conclusion 1.The shape,color,smell,size,texture,section and other properties of dried Codonopsis pilosula samples with different drying parameters can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.2.Under different drying parameters,the water,ash and extract of Codonopsis pilosula can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.3.With different drying temperature and duration,the difference of extract is significant,but the difference of ash and water content is not significant.4.With the same drying temperature and duration,there was significant difference in water content among different specifications of Codonopsis pilosula samples,yet there was no significant difference in ash content and extract content.But the water content all meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.5.Taking the traditional drying process as a reference,the similarity of the samples dried in different stages is higher than that of the samples dried in constant temperature,That is to say,they are more closer to the effect of the traditional drying process.6.Based on several factors,the properties,components and overall similarity evaluation,it is preliminarily determined that the drying effect of Codonopsis pilosula sample is the best when it is dried with the specific drying parameters<Humidity<20%,temperature35?(1h)-38?(4h)-41?(2h)-44?(2h)-47?(2h)-50?(7h)-40?(12h)-36?(1h)>,and is screened as the best drying process. |
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