Determinants Of Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women Using The Health Belief Model

Objectives: Based on the health belief model(HBM),the purpose of this study is to understand the current situation of pregnant women's physical activity,explore the related factors affecting pregnant women's physical activity,analyze the correlation between each factor and pregnant women's physical activity,and provide the basis for the comprehensive intervention strategy,so as to improve the level of pregnant women's physical activity and the health of mothers and infants in China.Methods: Based on the health belief model,this paper puts forward the research hypothesis,and facilitates the selection of pregnant women who have routine obstetric examination in a Grade A Class Three hospital in Changchun from June 2019 to September 2019.The survey tools include social demographic characteristics questionnaire,pregnancy physical activity knowledge questionnaire,pregnancy physical activity health belief scale,exercise self-efficacy scale,pregnant physical activity questionnaire.The original data was first created by Excel,and then imported into SPSS software for statistical analysis.Statistical methods: descriptive analysis was used to analyze the social demographic characteristics,knowledge level of physical activity during pregnancy,health belief status of physical activity during pregnancy,self-efficacy of exercise and physical activity during pregnancy,measurement data are described by means of mean±standard deviation,median,quartile,etc;The data of social demographic characteristics and sports characteristics of pregnant women in the two groups with and without physical activity in pregnancy were compared by chi square test and rank sum test.The scores of perceived susceptibility,perceived severity,perceived benefits,perceived obstacles and action clues of pregnant women in the two groups with and without physical activity in pregnancy were in accordance with the abnormal distribution,Compared with rank sum test,the score of exercise self-efficacy accorded with normal distribution,and compared with t test of two independent samples;The influencing factors of physical activity standard of pregnant women were studied by Binary Logistic regression analysis.Results: 1.The physical activity of 225 pregnant women was investigated.There were 64 pregnant women who met the international guideline for physical activity during pregnancy accounting for 28.44%.2.The average energy consumption of physical activities of pregnant women was(22.39±12.90)met-hours / day,the energy consumption of activities above medium intensity was 4.2 met-hours /day,while the energy consumption of exercise was 0.88 met-hours / day.The daily energy consumption of all kinds of activities was 46.1% for sitting,35.1% for low-intensity activities,18.7% for medium-intensity activities,0.1% for high-intensity activities,37.9% for housework,23.1% for occupational activities,3.9% for exercise and 11.9% for transportation.3.The results of univariate analysis on the physical activity of pregnant women showed that the influence of age,pregnant women,number of children,exercise habits before pregnancy,perceived benefits,perceived barriers and action clues on the physical activity of pregnant women was statistically significant(P < 0.05).4.The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the physical activity of pregnant women included whether they were pregnant women,perception obstacles,action clues,exercise self-efficacy(P < 0.05).The risk factors of pregnant women's physical activity reaching the standard were perceived disturbance(OR< 1),and the protective factors were pregnant women,action clues,exercise selfefficacy(OR> 1).Conclusions: 1.The level of physical activity of pregnant women is low,less pregnant women reach the standard of physical activity guide during pregnancy,the type of exercise is single,and walking is the main way.Medical staff should pay more attention to the physical activity of pregnant women.2.The single factors influencing the physical activity of pregnant women include age,whether they are pregnant women,the number of children,perceived benefits,perceived obstacles,action clues and exercise self-efficacy.Therefore,medical staff should formulate intervention strategies to strengthen the physical activities of pregnant women.3.Health belief model is an effective model to predict the physical activity of pregnant women.Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal,action cues and exercise self-efficacy were positive predictors of physical activity during pregnancy,while cognitive impairment was negative predictors.Medical staff and pregnant women themselves should pay attention to the predicted factors,improve the belief of pregnant women's physical activity during pregnancy,improve the level of pregnant women's physical activity,and promote the health of mothers and infants.