Analysis Of Status Of Skeletal Muscle Mass And Its Relative Factors Among 733 High School Students In Jilin Province

Objective:Skeletal muscle condition is essential for normal development,homeostasis,disease and tissue regeneration in adolescents.Nowadays,skeletal muscle mass has been paid more and more attention in evaluating people's physical health.Based on this background,this study investigated the current status of skeletal muscle mass of high school students in Jilin Province,and analyzed the factors of diet and lifestyle,laying a foundation for evaluating the skeletal muscle mass and physical condition of high school students.Method:In this study,780 high school students in Jilin Province were included in the questionnaire survey and skeletal muscle mass measurement by multi-stage stratified random sampling.The questionnaire included basic information survey,dietary survey and lifestyle survey.Skeletal muscle mass was determined by the bioelectrical impedance based tsinghua tongfang BAC-1A body composition analyzer.EpiData and Excel spreadsheets were established for the archiving of questionnaire data and skeletal muscle mass data,and dietary data were further included in the compilation database to estimate the food intake level and nutrient status of the study subjects.After removing the samples with missing skeletal muscle mass value and/or missing questionnaire data,the final number of valid samples for this study was 733.IBM SPSS 24.0 statistical software was used to analyze the distribution of basic information,dietary nutrient level,lifestyle and skeletal muscle mass of high school students,and three dietary patterns of high school students were obtained by principal component analysis.Correlation analysis was used to describe the relationship between each factor and skeletal muscle mass.For statistically significant variables,multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of each factor on skeletal muscle mass.The results of bilateral test were statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Result:1.The average age of 733 subjects was 16.88±0.96 years old,and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.27.Most of the subjects were han nationality?88.41%?,and the ratio of only child and non-only child was 1:0.72.The education level of both parents is high school or below?55.80%,59.40%?,followed by college or bachelor degree?25.50%,23.70%?,and graduate degree?4.64%,3.80%?.Monthly household income was the highest?41.90%?for low-income families?<5,000 yuan/month?,the second highest?25.60%?for middle-income families?5,000-10,000 yuan/month?,and the lowest?15.10%?for high-income families?more than 10,000 yuan/month?.2.Distribution of skeletal muscle mass of the study subjects:the skeletal muscle mass of the study subjects in the"inferior"skeletal muscle mass group was less than18.66kg,accounting for 12.14%of the total number of 89 subjects.The skeletal muscle mass of the subjects in the"middle and lower grade"skeletal muscle mass group ranged from?18.66²2.34?kg,and the number of subjects in this group was118,accounting for 16.10%of the total.The skeletal muscle mass of the subjects in the"medium"skeletal muscle mass group ranged from?22.34³0.42?kg,and the number of subjects in this group was 337,accounting for 45.98%of the total.The skeletal muscle mass of the subjects in the"medium and upper"skeletal muscle mass group ranged from?30.42³4.10?kg,and the number of subjects in this group was104,accounting for 14.19%of the total.The skeletal muscle mass of subjects in the prime skeletal muscle mass group was more than 34.10kg,accounting for 11.59%of the total population of 85 subjects.3.Dietary structure of the study subjects:the average daily energy intake of the study subjects was 12701.52 KJ?3038.64kcal?,which was higher than the recommended value of energy intake for students of all ages.The energy supply ratios of the three major functional nutrients were close to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range?AMDR?and the protein intake was slightly higher than the recommended intake?RNI?.The intake of vitamin B₁ was only slightly lower than the recommended value for boys aged 14 and above,the intake ratio was 92.50%,which was in the normal range.While the intake of vitamin A,B₁,B₂,C reached the recommended levels for boys and girls of all ages.The intake of vitamin E reaches the appropriate intake.The results of mineral intake showed that the calcium intake of boys aged 14 and above did not reach the recommended value,the intake ratio was99.83%,which was in the normal range.While the calcium and iron intakes of boys and girls of all ages were all higher than the recommended intakes,potassium and sodium intakes are higher than AI.Potassium intake of girls aged 14 and above reach the prevent noncommunicable chronic diseases recommended intake?programs intakes for preventing non-communicable chronic diseases,PI-NCD,referred to as“recommended intake”,PI?;Sodium intake of some subjects exceeded the PI.Three kinds of dietary patterns were obtained through the analysis of the research objects,pattern 1 mainly included bacteria and algae,animal meat,fish,shrimp,crab,shellfish,and nut seeds;pattern 2 mainly included potato,starch and its products,fruits,vegetables;pattern 3 mainly included snacks.4.Lifestyle of the study subjects:27%,54%,14%and 5%of the subjects who exercised 4 times a week or more,2³ times a week,1 time and no exercise a week.The proportion of people sleeping more than 8 hours,6⁸ hours,4⁶ hours and less than 4 hours were 5%,58%,36%and 1%,respectively.61%,23%,6%and 10%of the subjects who were passive smoking 0 days,1-2 days,3-5 days and 6-7 days in a week,respectively.5.Results of analysis of related factors affecting skeletal muscle mass:there were statistical differences in skeletal muscle quality between the study subjects'gender,whether they were the only child,the parents'educational level and the monthly family income groups?P<0.05?.Dietary energy,protein,lipid,carbohydrate,potassium and iron intake were positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass?P<0.05?.There was a positive correlation between weekly exercise frequency and skeletal muscle mass?P<0.001?.The more exercise frequency,the more skeletal muscle mass.The number of days of weekly passive smoking was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle mass?P=0.001?.The more times of passive smoking,the less skeletal muscle mass.On the basis of single factor analysis,multiple linear regression analysis,the results showed that 25.8%of the dependent variable of skeletal muscle mass variation by gender,protein intake,iron intake,weekly exercise frequency and weekly days of passive smoking to explain.Multiple linear regression model is statistically significant?F=19.268,P<0.001,R²=0.258?.Conclusion:1.The overall dietary energy intake in this study group was higher than the recommended energy intake,and the energy supply ratio of the three major productivity nutrients was close to the acceptable range of macronutrients.The intake ratio of dietary vitamins and minerals meets the requirements of reference intake.2.The main influencing factors of skeletal muscle mass in this study group were gender,protein intake,iron intake,exercise status and passive smoking status.Protein intake,iron intake and exercise are the protective factors of skeletal muscle mass,and passive smoking is the risk factors of skeletal muscle mass.In this study,the effects of various factors on the mass of skeletal muscle need to be further confirmed.3.The dietary structure is still unreasonable.In the future,we should strengthen the control of salt intake in nutrition education for students,and at the same time,we should continue to strengthen the students'awareness of nutrition diet in the future.