Research Progress Of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Recepror(NMDAR) Encephalitis

Anti-NMDAR receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease that the main standard for diagnosis is the detection of anti-NMDAR receptor GluN1 subunit IgG antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid.It is most commonly diagnosed in children and young people and is often associated with tumors,such as ovarian teratomas,which more frequently occur in women over 18 years of age.In addition,viral infections such as herpes simplex virus can also induce anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Typical clinical manifestations include: psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities,seizures,recent memory impairments,involuntary movements,speech disorders,conscious disturbances,and autonomic dysfunction,among others.Currently the symptomatic treatment and immunotherapy(intravenous methylprednisolone,intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange,etc.).As clinicians gradually study the disease after Dalmau proposed the disease in 2007,an increasing number of patients are definitively diagnosed with the disease.We reviewed the current progress in the epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination,treatment,and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis to improve clinicians' awareness of the disease.