Study On The Bioactive Constituents From Mulberry Fruit

Mulberry is the fruit Morus alba L.,which belongs to attributes to the genus Morus and the family Moraceae.Mulberry fruit is a sweet and succulent berry,which is one of the most commonly eaten fruits and can also be used as medicine.According to the“Shen Nong's Herbal”,mulberry fruit is cold,sweet and sour,with nourishing yin and nourishing blood,regenerating thirst and thirst,and other effects.It can be used to treat diabetes,hypertension and liver and kidney damage.Moreover,modern pharmacological studies show that mulberry extract has anti-oxidation,hypoglycemia,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,immune improvement and other pharmacological effects.Previous study of the research group has found that phenolic compounds from mulberry fruit have good hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity.Based on previous studies,the 70%ethanol extract of dried mulberry fruit was successively partitioned with of hexane and chloroform after 30%methanol suspension,and the chloroform fraction was further chromatographed on silica gel,ODS MPLC,Sephadex LH-20 C.C.and finally purified by semi-preparative HPLC to obtain 74 compounds.Using various spectral techniques and combining the physicochemical properties of compounds,the compounds were identified as:?2S,2''S?-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-8-?1-methylethenyl?-2-?4-hydroxyphenyl?-4H-furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-4-one?1^*?,?2S?-7,4'-dihydroxy flavanone?2?,?2S?-naringenin?3?,?2R?-7,2',4'-trihydroxy-8-?,?-dimethy lallylflavanone?4?,?2R?-eriodictyol?5?,?2R,3R?-dihydro quercetin?6?,kaempferol?7?,quercetin?8?,artonin ZA?9?,isobavachalcone?10?,morachalcone?11?,?7S,8R?-erythro-1-?4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl?-2-[4-?3-hydroxypropyl?-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propanediol?12?,?7S,8S?-threo-1-?4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl?-2-[4-?3-hydroxypropyl?-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1,3-propane diol?13?,?7R,8S?-erythro-7,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?14?,?7S,8R?-erythro-7,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?15?,?7S,8S?-threo-7,9,9'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-4-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?16?,?7R,8S?-erythro-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-9'-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?17?,?7R,8S?-erythro-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,5,3'-trimethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-9'-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?18^*?,?7S,8R?-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan?19?,?+?-?lR,2S,5R,6S?-2,6-di?4'-hydroxyphenyl?-3,7-dioxablcyclo?3,3,0?octane?20?,pinoresinol?21?,syringaresinol mono-?-D-glucoside?22?,?3R?-thunberginol C?23?,7-hydroxy coumarin?24?,esculetin?25?,7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin?26?,cinnamic acid?27?,p-hydroxycinnamic acid?28?,caffeic acid?29?,ferulic acid?30?,cis-cinnamic acid?31?,cis-p-hydroxycinnamic acid?32?,p-hydroxy phenylpropionic acid?33?,frambinone?34?,?1''R,2''R?-4-?2-formyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl?-1-?2-hydroxy-1-methylpropoxy? butane ate?35^*?,4-[formyl-5-?methoxymethyl?-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid?36?,4-[formyl-5-?methoxymethyl?-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate?37?,?4'S,5'R?-1-[?tetrahydro-4-hydroxyl-5-oxo-2-furanyl?methyl]-2,4?1H,3H?pyrimidinedione?38^*?,3-hydroxy-?-carboline?39?,1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-?-carboline-3-carboxylic acid?40?,isoperlolyrine?41?,pistaciamide?42?,?-ethyl N-benzoyl-_DL-asparlate?43?,benzoic acid?44?,p-hydroxyl benzoic acid?45?,3,4-dihydroxyphenyl aldehyde?46?,protocatechuic acid?47?,methyl 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate?48?,ethyl3,4-dihydroxybenzoate?49?,4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid?50?,4-hydroxybenzaldehyde?51?,2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde?52?,methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate?53?,ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate?54?,methyl2-O-?-D-glucopy ranosylbenzoate?55?,benzyl-O-?-D-glucopyranoside?56?,eugenyl-O-?-D-glucopy ranoside?57?,5,7-dihydroxychromone?58?,alternariol?59?,alternariol 9-methyl ether?60?,stemphyperylenol?61?,?6R?-5?-?6,7-dihydroxyethyl?-4-?5'-hydroxymethyl-furan-2-yl-methylene?-2?-ethoxy-dihydrofuran-3-one?62?,5-hydroxymethylfurfural?63?,2-deoxy-_D-ribono-1,4-lactone?64?,?22E?-5?,8?-epidioxyergosta-6,9?11?,22-trien-3?-ol?65?,?22E?-5?,8?-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-dien-3?-ol?66?,?24R?-6?-hydroxy-24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one?67?,?2Z,4E?-?S?-?+?-abscisic acid?68?,?2E,4E?-?S?-?+?-abscisic acid?69?,?S?-?+?-1-methyl-abscisic-6-acid?70?,phaseic acid?71?,1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl tetradecanoate?72?,ethyl-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10?E?,15?Z?-dienoate?73?,ethyl-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10?E?-enoate?74?.Of which 1-11 were flavonoids,12-34 were phenylpropanoids,35-43were N-compounds,44-61 were simple phenols,62-64 were Furans,65-67 were phytosterols,68-71 were sesquiterpenoids,72-74 were fatty acids,1,18,35,38 were 4 new compounds.The anti-inflammatory activity,antioxidant capacity and?-glucosidase inhibitory were evaluated in vitro.Compounds 5,7,9 and19 obviously inhibited NO production induced by lipopolysaccharides?LPS?in BV-2 cells(IC₅₀<50?M);Compounds 1,5,9 and 19 dose-dependently reduced the expression of inducible iNOS and COX-2,and they could block LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-?B.Flavonoids showed signifcantly oxygen radical absorbance capacity?0.80-1.80?mol TE/?mol?;compounds 5 and 8 displayed evidently scavenging capacity of DPPH radicals(IC₅₀<10?M).Compounds 7,8,10 and 11 distinctly inhibited the?-glucosidase activity(IC₅₀<50?M).