| ObjectiveWith the aggravation of the aging of the population in our country,the aging situation is becoming more and more serious,as a vulnerable group,the quality of life and dietary nutritional status of the elderly should be paid attention to.The purpose of this study is to investigate the living status and dietary nutritional status of the elderly(?80years old)in a rural area of Shandong Province,and to analyze the effect of masticatory function(tooth defect)on dietary nutritional status of the elderly,so as to provide scientific reference for improving the quality of life and dietary nutritional status of the elderly in rural areas.MethodsUsing random cluster sampling,a total of 580 elderly people over 80 years old in a rural area of Shandong Province were selected as the object of study after obtaining informed consent,investigators with unified training went into house to ask the basic situation of the elderly,their living style and life care,their living habits,as well as the number of their diseases and medication.The SF-36 scale was used to investigate the quality of life of the elderly,and the scores of the dimensions of physiological function(PF),physiological function(RP),physical pain(BP),general health(GH),energy(VT),social function(SF),emotional function(RE)and mental health(MH)were analyzed,and calculate the total physical health score(PCS)and mental health total score(MCS).Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly.To investigate the dietary habits of the elderly,24-hour dietary review and food frequency questionnaire were used to analyze the dietary nutrition intake of the elderly,and the nutritional status of the elderly was assessed by the elderly malnutrition risk assessment form(WS/T 552-2017),the assessment form included three parts: basic situation,initial screening(0?14 points)and evaluation(0?16 points),the two scores were added to the final total score.Results were determined according to the total score,if the initial screening score was ?12 indicated that there was no risk of malnutrition andthere was no need for assessment,if the initial screening score was less than 12,the evaluation would continue.If the total score(screening + assessment)?24 points is classified as good nutritional status,17-24 points as malnutrition risk,?17 points as malnutrition,if the total score < 24,when BMI?24(or male waist circumference ?90 cm,female waist circumference ?80 cm),it may be obesity / super severe malnutrition or malnutrition risk.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of elderly people.The number of oral teeth of the elderly was investigated,the number of oral teeth of the elderly was divided into four groups: 0-6,7-12,13-18 and ? 19,the dietary habits,dietary energy and nutrient intake,food intake types and nutritional assessment status of the elderly were compared and analyzed.ResultsIn this study,a total of 580 elderly people were investigated,including 397 people aged from 80 to 89,183 people aged 90 and above,265 males and 315 females.Among them,504 had a primary school education level or below,76 had a middle school education level or above,267 had a spouse,and 313 had no spouse or widowed.The results of life quality analysis showed that the average scores of physiological function(PF),physiological function(RP),body pain(BP),general health(GH),energy(VT),social function(SF),emotional function(RE)and mental health(MH)were 47.8,45.0,53.8,46.9,49.3,58.4,53.4 and 47.1 respectively.The first four dimensions are in the field of physical health,and the last four dimensions are in the field of mental health.According to the scores of each dimension,the scores of physical health and mental health are 33.89 and 39.88 respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors showed that the life of children taking care of the elderly was a protective factor,which increased the score of physiological health,while older age,irregular sleep schedule and more diseases were risk factors,which could reduce the score of physiological health of the elderly.In terms of mental health,having a spouse,not living alone,and life care(main child care)as protective factors can increase their mental health score,while irregular sleep schedule is a risk factor,which can reduce their mental health score.The results of nutritional status analysis showed that the rate of good nutritional status of the elderly is 28.4%,the risk rate of malnutrition is 51.2%,and the rate of malnutrition is 20.4%.The analysis of influencing factors showed that the prevalence rate of malnutrition and risk of the elderly living alone was 1.526 times higher than that of thenon-living alone,the 95%CI was(1.001,2.325).The malnutrition or risk rate of the elderly who ate once or twice a day was 3.567 times higher than that of the elderly who ate three or more times a day,and the 95%CI was(1.783,7.136).The malnutrition or malnutrition risk rate of the elderly who did not eat breakfast every day or occasionally ate breakfast was 2.123 times higher than that of the elderly who ate breakfast every day,the 95%CI was(1.025,4.396).And the risk rate of malnutrition or malnutrition of the elderly who spent less than 1000 yuan per year was 2.463 times higher than that of the elderly over 3000 yuan,and the 95%CI was(1.472,4.120).The results of dental status analysis show that the average number of teeth of the elderly is 9,with a maximum of 26.The proportion of elderly people with less than 6teeth is the highest,208,accounting for 35.9%,and the elderly with 7-12 teeth is 190,accounting for 32.7%,there are 121 elderly people with 13-18 teeth,accounting for20.8%,while the number of elderly people with more than 19 teeth is the least,only 61,accounting for 10.6%.The number of daily meals of the elderly with different number of teeth is different,and there are also differences in the intake levels of vitamin C,calcium and phosphorus.The nutritional status of the elderly is evaluated,and there are significant differences in the prevalence rate of malnutrition and malnutrition risk among the elderly.ConclusionThe overall level of quality of life of the elderly in a rural area of Shandong Province is not high and still needs to be improved,the main influencing factors are age,sleep schedule,number of diseases and life care.The elderly in rural areas are affected by education,living style,daily meals,breakfast habits and dietary expenses,the rate of good nutrition is low,and the risk rate of malnutrition is high.The elderly in rural areas have more tooth defects,which affect normal eating,which can increase the risk of malnutrition. |
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