Correlation Between Food Intake And Atherosclerosis And Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk

AIMS:1.To evaluate carotid atherosclerosis accurately using quality intima-media thickness(QIMT).2.To investigate the dietary habits and food consumption of middle-aged and elderly residents in Guangdong province.To analyze the relationship between food consumption and carotid atherosclerosis,aiming to provide dietary recommendations for the prevention of atherosclerosis.3.To investigate the relationship between food consumption and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,aiming to provide dietary recommendations for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.METHORDS:1.From February to December 2018,residents over 40 years old in Guangdong Province were recruited from the hospital health management center and community.Height,weight and blood pressure were measured,and body mass index(BMI=weight[kg]/height[m2])was calculated.An overnight fasting was performed for biochemical test,including triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and fasting blood glucose(FBG).2.The questionnaire was used to collect the general information(including age,gender,smoking and drinking history,hypertension history,history of dyslipidemia,etc.)and physical activity.The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the intake of food.According to the Chinese residents' dietary guidelines,the daily intake was divided into normal,low and high intake.3.QIMT measurement was employed to evaluate the intima-media thickness of bilateral carotid.Carotid arteriosclerosis was defined as IMT?900 ?m and/or plaque formation.The numbers,size,and echogenicity of the plaques and the stenosis rate were recorded.4.The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)risk score was calculated by the Pooled Cohort Equations and was classified as low risk(<7.5%)and high risk(?7.5%).5.Data were inputted and analyzed by SPSS22.0 statistical software.When P<0.05,differences were considered statistically significant.RESULTS:1.Based on the results of carotid ultrasound,354 patients with carotid atherosclerosis(CAS group)and 512 healthy patients(control group)were included.The mean QIMT in the CAS group was thicker than the control group(829 ?m vs.591?m,P<0.001).The CAS patients were older and had higher BMI,higher proportion of smokers and higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia(all P<0.05).2.The levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and FBG in the CAS group were higher than the control group,while HDL-C was lower(all P<0.05).3.The daily intake of grains,meat and poultry in the CAS group was significantly higher than the control group,while the intake of vegetables,fruits,milk and dairy products were significantly lower(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the intake of aquatic products between the two groups(P=0.954).4.After adjusting for age and gender,vegetables(adjusted r=-0.139,P=0.003),fruits(adjusted r=-0.254,P<0.001),milk and dairy products(adjusted r=-0.368,P<0.001)intake were negatively correlated with CAS.Meat and poultry intake were positively correlated with CAS(adjusted r=0.278,P<0.001).5.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits and excessive intake of meat and poultry increased the risk of CAS(OR=1.93,2.03,3.72,all P<0.05).The atherosclerotic plaque prevalence increased with the insufficient intake of vegetables,fruits,milk and dairy products,while increased with excessive intake of meat and poultry(all P<0.05).6.Excessive consumption of grains,meat and poultry and insufficient intake of milk and dairy products increased the 10-year ASCVD risk(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:QIMT can be used to accurately evaluate intima-media thickness,which is beneficial to the early diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis.Insufficient intake of vegetables and fruit and excessive intake of meat and poultry can increase the risk of carotid atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.Excessive intake of grains,meat and poultry,and insufficient intake of milk and dairy products increase the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.