The Effect Of Drinking Cold Water On Platelet Function In High-salt Diet–fed Rats And Hydrogen-rich Water Interventiont

PurposeTo investigate the effect of drinking cold water on platelet function in high-salt diet–fed rats and hydrogen-rich water intervention.MethodsWistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups:normal diet group?fed a diet containing 0.5%NaCl and drinking 22.1°C water?,high-salt diet group?fed a diet containing 8%NaCl and drinking 22.1°C water?,normal diet plus cold water group?fed a diet containing 0.5%NaCl and drinking 3.4°C water?,high-salt diet plus cold water group?fed a diet containing 8%NaCl and drinking 3.4°C water?,normal diet plus cold hydrogen-rich water group?fed a diet containing 0.5%NaCl and drinking 3.5°C hydrogen-rich water?,high-salt diet plus cold hydrogen-rich water group?fed a diet containing 8%NaCl and drinking 3.5°C hydrogen-rich water?,normal diet plus cold VC group?fed a diet containing 0.5%NaCl and drinking 3.4°C Vitamin C water?,high-salt diet plus cold VC group?fed a diet containing 8%NaCl and drinking 3.4°C Vitamin C water?.The rat tail arterial blood pressure?SBP,MBP and DBP?and heart rate was measured by tail cuff method every two weeks.After the rats were treated for 12 weeks,the blood samples were collected from heart of each rat.Platelet aggregation induced by ADP was measured using turbidimetry.Platelet adhesion to collagen determined in high shear rate(1080s^-1)and low shear rate(300s^-1)was measured using hemoperfusion.The expression of CD62P on platelet surface,ROS?NO and Ca²⁺in platelet was measured with flow cytometry.The content of 8iso-PGF2?in plasma was measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay.The activity of glutathione peroxidase in plasma was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometryResults1.Body weight changes:After rats were fed for 12 weeks,body weight was significantly reduced in high salt diet group compared with normal salt diet group?P<0.01?.2.Blood pressure changes:The SBP was significantly increased in high salt diet group compared with normal diet group in the second week,and increased SBP lasted until the twelfth week.Drinking cold water had no obvious impact on rat blood pressure.Compared with high salt diet plus cold water group,the SBP was significantly decreased in high salt diet plus cold hydrogen-water group in the second,fourth and eighth week?P<0.05,P<0.01?.3.Platelet function changes:Compared with normal salt diet group,platelet adhesion to collagen in high shear rate(1080s^-1)and low shear rate(300s^-1),platelet aggregation induced by ADP and P-selectin expression on platelet surface in high salt diet group and normal salt diet plus cold water group were significantly increased?P<0.01?.Similarly,compared with high salt diet group,platelet adhesion to collagen in high shear rate(1080s^-1)and low shear rate(300s^-1),and platelet aggregation induced by ADP and P-selectin expression on platelet surface in high salt diet plus cold water group were significantly increased?P<0.01?.Whereas,compared with high salt diet plus cold water group,platelet adhesion to collagen in high shear rate(1080s^-1)and low shear rate(300s^-1),ADP-induced platelet aggregation,and P-selectin expression on platelet surface were significantly decreased?P<0.01?in high salt diet plus cold hydrogen-water group and high salt diet plus cold VC group.Compared with normal salt diet plus cold water group,platelet adhesion to collagen in high shear rate(1080s^-1)and low shear rate(300s^-1),and P-selectin expression on platelet surface were significantly decreased?P<0.01?in high salt diet plus cold hydrogen-water group.4.Changes in oxidative stress indicators and platelet ROS,NO and Ca²⁺level:Compared with normal salt diet group,platelet NO and plasma GSH-Px activity were significantly decreased?P<0.01?,platelet Ca²⁺and plasma 8iso-PGF2?level were significantly increased?P<0.01?in high salt diet group and normal salt diet plus cold water group.Compared with high salt diet group,plasma GSH-Px activity were significantly decreased?P<0.01?,platelet ROS and plasma 8iso-PGF2?level were significantly increased?P<0.01?in high salt diet plus cold water group.When compared with high salt diet plus cold water group,platelet Ca²⁺and ROS and plasma 8iso-PGF2?level were significantly decreased?P<0.01?,platelet NO and plasma GSH-Px activity were significantly increased?P<0.01?in high salt diet plus cold hydrogen-water group and high salt diet plus cold VC group.Compared with normal salt diet plus cold water group,platelet Ca²⁺level were significantly decreased?P<0.05?,plasma GSH-Px activity were significantly increased?P<0.01?in high salt diet plus cold hydrogen-water group and high salt diet plus cold VC group,plasma 8iso-PGF2?level were significantly decreased?P<0.05?in normal salt diet plus cold VC group.ConclusionDrinking cold water may enhance platelet activation in rats fed with high salt diet.These effects may be related to increased oxidative stress.Hydrogen could inhibit the platelet activation in high-salt diet–fed rats drinking cold water.