Expression And Correlation Of MTA1 And MTA3 In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background and ObjectiveEsophageal cancer(EC)is the eighth most common malignant tumor in the world.The mortality rate is very high,with more than 400,000 deaths per year.Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is the most common type of esophageal cancer in the world and developing countries.About half of the 500,000 new cases of ESCC every year in the world occur in China,which is also a major public health problem,with hidden early symptoms.ESCC patients are usually in the advanced stage at the initial diagnosis,which seriously affects the therapeutic effect and leads to poor prognosis.Therefore,we need to find new biomarkers and treatment methods in order to improve the therapeutic effect and clinical prognosis.Metastatic gene protein(MTA)is the focus of esophageal cancer research in recent years.All family members of MTA are associated with the nuclear complex(NuRD)to inhibit the target gene.MTA1 and MTA3 belong to the MTA family.MTA1 is generally considered as an oncogene and it can enhance the metastasis of cancer cells,while MTA3 can play the role of tumor suppressor gene or oncogene in different tumors.mainly because of their enhanced metastatic effect.Therefore,both MTA1 and MTA3 are closely related to the occurrence,development and invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors.In this study,60 ESCC tissues and 60 normal esophageal mucosal tissues were selected.Immunohistochemical,in situ hybridization,Western blot and Real-time PCR methods were used to detect the expression levels of MTA1 and MTA3 protein and mRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and normal esophageal mucosa,respectively.The relationship between expression levels of MTA1 and MTA3 and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was investigated,in order to provide a new target and experimental basis forthe prognosis of esophageal carcinoma and guiding its clinical treatment.Methods1.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 protein in 60 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 60 cases of normal esophageal mucosa.2.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA in 60 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 60 cases of normal esophageal mucosa.3.Western blot was used to detect the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 protein in 10 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal esophageal mucosa.4.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA in 10 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal esophageal mucosa.5.Statistical analysis:All the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical software.The statistical data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation(SD).The rates of the two samples were analyzed by chi-squared test.The means of the two samples were analyzed by t test.P<0.05 was significant.Results1.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 protein were low in normal mucosa of esophagus(5.0%and 6.7%),but high in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus(68.3%and 65.0%).The differences were statistically significant(?2=51.818 and 44.397,P all<0.05).The expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 protein were significantly correlated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis(?2=12.864,27.065,11.344,21.733,Pall<0.05).There was no significant difference between the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 protein and TNM stage(?2=0.051 and 0.110,P all>0.05).2.The results of in situ hybridization showed that the expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA were low in normal mucosal tissue of esophagus(3.3%and 5.0%),but high in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus(61.7%and 56.7%).The differences were statistically significant(?2=46.534 and 37.551,P<0.05).The expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA were significantly correlated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis(?2=13.859,33.900,13.935,32.019,P all<0.05).There was no significant difference between the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA and TNM stage(?2=0.188 and 0.724,Pall>0.05).3.The results of Western blotting showed that the relative expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 protein were low in normal mucosa of esophagus and high in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).4.The results of Real-time PCR showed that the relative expressions of MTA1 and MTA3 mRNA were low in normal mucosa of esophagus and high in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions1.MTA1 and MTA3 are highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,suggesting that MTA1 and MTA3 promoted the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.2.Both mRNA expression and protein expression of MTA1 and MTA3 were consistent.