Improvement Of Memory And Immunity By Enzymatic Hydrolysates Of Protopanaxatriol

For hundreds of years,ginseng has become one of the most popular Chinese herbal medicines in the world,and has been recognized by countries all over the world in the past few decades.Ginsenosides were considered to be the main biologically active ingredient of it.Natural ginsenosides are difficult to be directly absorbed after consumption.The deglycosylated rare ginsenosides and sapogenins are more easily absorbed into the blood as an active compound,which are higher pharmacological activity compared with undegraded ginsenosides.Currently,the best method for transforming ginsenosides is microbial transformation and enzymatic hydrolysis.In recent years,the development and utilization of thermophilic glucosidase has also received extensive attention at home and abroad.The thermal stability of thermophilic enzymes has great advantages in the industry and has beccome a research hotspot,due to its high efficiency,specificity,low by-products,high yield,etc.First,enzymatic hydrolysis of PPT was carried out with the thermophilic ?-glucosidase(source: Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359 strain),and then,the PPTE was obtained.In the product,Rg2 content was 23.4% and Rh1 content was 5.5%.Two pharmacological experiments to improve memory impairment in mice induced by scopolamine,and enhance immunity were as well conducted using PPTE.Alzheimer's Disease(AD),is one of the four major diseases with the highest mortality rate.Early intervention and treatment of patients with memory impairment have important implications for delaying or preventing them from becoming AD patients.In the experiment of improving memory,male ICR mice were divided into 7 groups: Normal control group,control treated group,positive control group(66.7 ?g/kg of Huperzine A),PPT group(40 mg/kg),low,medium and high doses groups of PPTE(20 mg/kg,40 mg/kg,60 mg/kg).After 30 minutes' injected of the corresponding drugs,the normal control group was injected in the abdominal cavity with normal saline,and the other groups were injected with scopolamine to induce memory impairment.The PPTE was used to improve the learning and memory ability of mice and the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain hippocampus of mice by the step-down avoidance,passive avoidance,and morris water maze tests.The results showed that the middle dose group of PPTE had a significant effect on improving memory of the mice,and the effect was more remarkable than that of the PPT group and similar to the positive control group.Decreased immunity can also cause a variety of diseases in the human body,including influenza,cardiovascular disease,type ? diabetes,cataracts,cancer and so on.In the experiment designed to enhance immunity,ICR mice were divided into 6 groups: Normal control group,positive control group(12 mg/kg of levamisole),and 4 drug groups of ginsenosides were the same as the improve memory experiment.The mice were subjected to lymphoid organ index measurement,immunoglobulin measurement,lymphocyte transformation test,delayed hypersensitivity,measurement of antibody-producing cell number,carbon clearance test,and peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis chicken red blood cell(CRBC)test.The results indicate that PPTE has the effect of enhancing immunity,among them,the PPTE group of 40 mg/kg played best effect of immunomodulatory.The effect was better than that of the PPT group and the levamisole group.This study demonstrated that PPTE has the effects of improving memory and immunity.