Detection And Correlation Of Serum Vitamin D Level In Pediatric Alopecia Areata

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum vitamin D levels in children and the incidence and severity of alopecia areata.Methods: The clinical data of 104 children with alopecia areata who were treated in our hospital from June 2018 to November 2018 were selected as the observation group.The data of 91 healthy children in the same period were collected as the control group,and general information of all subjects was collected.Course of AA,size and number of plaques,affected area,history of AA and other medical history,family history,and smoking environment exposure were accurately recorded in observation group.The hair pulling test was performed and the SALT score was evaluated.S1: hair loss area 0%~25%;S2: hair loss area 25%~50%;S3: hair loss area50%~75%;S4: hair loss area 75%~99%;S5: hair loss area 100%.In the progressive stage,the hair pulling test was positive,the alopecia spots were expanding or there were still new alopecia spots,while in the stationary stage,there were no new alopecia spots,and the hair pulling test was negative.Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D(25(OH)D)levels were measured and analyzed in the two groups.Define 25(OH)D > = 20ng/ml as sufficient and 25(OH)D < 20ng/ml as insufficient.Results: The mean 25(OH)D concentration was(28.44±10.80)ng/ml in the AA group and(39.86±12.80)ng/ml in the control group.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(p<0.001).The mean 25(OH)D concentration in active AA was(26.48±9.37)ng/ml,which was significantly lower than that in patients with stable AA(31.34±12.16)ng/ml(p=0.02);25(OH)D level in patients with AA exposed to smoking environment(24.94±7.42)was significantly lower than that of no exposure(30.07±11.74)ng/ml(p=0.02);gender,family history,and AA history had no significant effect on 25(OH)D concentration(p>0.05).According to SALT score and grade,S1: 72 cases(69%),S2: 20 cases(19%),S3: 6 cases(6%),S4: 0 cases(0%),S5: 6 cases(6%).The level of 25(OH)D in S1,S2 and S5 groups were significantly higher than that in control group(p < 0.05),but there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D level between S3 group and control group(p=0.09).Therewere no significant differences in S1,S2,S3 and S5(p>0.05).There was no significant correlation between serum vitamin D level and SALT score,course of disease and plaque number in patients with alopecia areata.At the same time,it was found that there was significant difference in SALT grade between smoking environment exposure group and non-smoking environment exposure group(p=0.002),and there was a positive correlation between the course of disease and SALT grade(r=0.22,p=0.03).Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in children with alopecia areata than in healthy children.Vitamin D levels in active alopecia areata patients were lower than those in inactive alopecia areata patients,but no association between vitamin D levels and severity of alopecia areata was observed.