Investigation On Obesity,Hypertension And Salt Intake In Kindergartens In Urban Areas Of Qingdao

Objective:In recent years,the detection rate of childhood obesity has been on the rise,and the detection rate of children's hypertension has also increased year by year.The purpose of this study was to understand the physical development,overweight and obesity status of preschool children in Qingdao City,and the development trend in recent years.To investigate the levels of seasoning,processed food and sodium intake,the present situation of children's blood pressure and the influencing factors of children's hypertension in urban kindergartens,in order to provide the basis for the prevention and control of children's hypertension.Methods:Thirteen middle-sized kindergartens in Qingdao city were selected by cluster sampling,and the investigation was carried out from March 2018 to July 2018.The height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of the children in the garden were measured.Eleven kindergartens with two meals and two points were selected to investigate the intake of dietary condiments and processed foods by weighing method combined with bookkeeping method,and the sodium intake in seasoning and processed foods was calculated.11 kindergartens with two meals and two points were selected for blood pressure measurement in three classes.Self-designed questionnaires were designed to investigate the frequency of eating snacks for children.Results:Among the 4,277 kindergarten children in Qingdao in 2018,the height of boys aged 3.0-3.5,3.5-4.0,4.5-5.0 and 5.5-6.0 years old was higher than the height of preschool children in the national nine cities in 2015.In addition to the 6.0-7.0 age group,the height of girls in other age groups is higher than the average height of pre-school children in the nine cities.The weight of boys and girls were higher than the average height and weight of preschool children in nine cities.The waist-hip ratio and waist-toheight ratio of children decreased with age(P<0.05).The height,weight,BMI,waist circumference and waist-hip ratio of boys were higher than that of girls(P<0.05).BMI was positively correlated with waist circumference,hip circumference,waist-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio(P<0.001).The waist-to-height ratio ? 0.5 abdominal obesity detection rate and the overweight / obesity detection rate consistency is better than the waist-to-height ratio > 0.48,but the consistency is average.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among kindergarten children in Qingdao City surveyed in 2018 were 15.8% and 7.5%,respectively,which were lower than the 2006 homogeneity survey(18.1% and 9.5%)(P<0.05).The preschool boy's overweight detection rate(18.2%)and obesity detection rate(10.0%)were higher than girls(13.3% and 4.7%)in 2018(P<0.001);obesity detection in male and female children in preschool age The rate increased with age(P<0.05).The main sodium source of children in kindergarten were salt,light soy sauce and processed food.The sodium intake of seasonings and processed foods fluctuates from 683.82~1493.08 mg,which is higher than 900 mg/d that the daily intake of sodium(AI)of preschool children(2013 edition).Among the 1042 preschool children,the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of boys were(96.19±7.23)and(62.72±6.16)mmHg,respectively.The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of girls were(94.50±8.22)and(62.49±7.07)mmHg,respectively.The systolic blood pressure of boys was higher than that of girls(P<0.001).The systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the obese group were higher than those in the overweight group,lean and normal group(P<0.001).The prevalence of hypertension in preschool children was 12.9%,and the prevalence rate of prehypertension was 13.9%.The detection rate of hypertension in boys was lower than that in girls(P<0.05),and the detection rate of hypertension in obese children(35.3%)was higher than overweight group(22.5%)and lean and normal group(8.8%)(P<0.001).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that waist circumference,BMI and waist-to-height ratio were related to systolic blood pressure in boys,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.BMI and age were the influencing factors of boy's diastolic blood pressure(P<0.001);BMI has a greater impact on the blood pressure level of boys,and waist circumference has a greater impact on girls' blood pressure levels.The children's snack frequency questionnaire score was(84.22±5.70)points.The scores of the children's snack frequency questionnaire in the hypertension group were lower than those in the normal blood pressure group.Ordered multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male and snack frequency questionnaire scores were protective factors for children with hypertension.Obese and overweight children are 6.684 and 3.305 times more likely to develop high blood pressure than lean and normal-weight children,and children with obese fathers are 1.697 times more likely to develop hypertension than children with normal father weight.Conclusion:The prevalence of obesity in preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao increased with age,and the detection rate of obesity among boys was higher than that of girls.In 2018,the prevalence of obesity and overweight in urban kindergartens was lower than that in 2006.In 2018,the prevalence rate of hypertension and prehypertension among preschool children in Qingdao city was 12.9% and 13.9%,respectively,which was at a high level.The risk factors for hypertension in preschool children were childhood obesity,overweight and father obesity.Children's sodium intake of condiments and processed foods during kindergarten is high,and it is suggested that salt belt diet should be carried out vigorously.