Recent Advances In Tumor Immunotherapy Therapeutic Markers

Immunological checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment of many tumors including lung cancer,melanoma,and have shown a sustained response rate in some refractory tumors,but have shown no response and severe immunity Related side effects in partially treated patients.It is therefore clinically necessary to predict who will benefit from immunotherapy to improve patient management and outcomes.Here we review the available data for several potentially valid biomarkers.Detection of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and immune cells by immunohistochemistry is a good predictor of clinical efficacy;however,patients with negative PD-L1 expression can still benefit from immunotherapy because of the presence of different antibodies.Different thresholds and different targets.And PD-L1 expression is dynamic and heterogeneous within the tumor: inconsistency between the primary lesion and the metastases or between the puncture specimen and the gross specimen.The high ratio of mutation load to new antigen is also associated with improved response.Peripheral blood markers and immune-related adverse events can also provide prognostic information.In this review,weaimed to discuss the current status of anti-PD-L(1)and anti-CTLA-4immunotherapy-related markers and provide guidance for clinical use so that we can accurately screen out more patient benefits from these treatments.