| Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most common chronic health problems among school-age children.Currently,the treatment of ADHD is mainly drug and behavioral intervention.The effects of drug are definite,but it can only relieve symptoms for a short period,and long-term use may have potential addiction and poor compliance.Meanwhile behavioral intervention requires a lot of human resources.Therefore,ADHD still urgently need easy and effective primary or secondary interventions.Music intervention is a technique that uses music to promote physical and mental recovery.Some literatures reported that music intervention could be beneficial for the treatment of ADHD.However,the results were inconsistent across studies.The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic review of the studies on the clinical effects of music intervention for ADHD.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Medline,Psyc INFO,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP up to October 2018.The language is limited to Chinese and English.Studies selection,data extraction and risk of bias assessment were independently performed by two authors.Extracted data included characteristics of participants,treatments in both groups,duration of music intervention,assessment parameter and outcomes.The risk of bias for RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Result: After the initial screening of the 373 texts,six studies were eligible.A total of 221 subjects were tested,including 112 in experimental group and 109 in control group.Music in all these studies was used as secondary intervention.In two studies,intervention was listening to pre-recorded music,while in other two studies was passive music combined with active music and in the remaining two studies was only active music.Duration of music intervention ranged from three months to six months.Meta-analysis was used to analyze the effectiveness of music intervention on overall clinical symptoms in ADHD patients: SMD=0.66,95%CI: 0.38 ~ 0.95,P < 0.00001,suggesting that compared with the control group,music intervention ad a significant difference in the improvement of clinical symptoms in ADHD patients.Effectiveness of music for attention deficit: SMD=0.53,95%CI:-0.29 ~ 1.34,P=0.21,validity analysis of hyperactivity impulse: SMD=0.80,95%CI:-0.02 ~ 1.61,P=0.06,indicating that music intervention has no statistical significance in the improvement of attention deficit and hyperactivity impulse.Effectiveness of passive music: SMD=0.79,95%CI: 0.25~1.34,P=0.005;Effectiveness of mixed music:SMD=0.68,95%CI: 0.24~1.12,P=0.003,suggesting that both passive music and mixed music are helpful to improve the clinical symptoms of ADHD.Conclusion: This is the first systematic review of the studies on the clinical effects of music intervention for ADHD.After a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)music intervention is beneficial to improve the clinical symptoms of ADHD patients;(2)music intervention had no statistical significance in improving attention or hyperactivity in ADHD patients;(3)both passive music and mixed music are beneficial for ADHD patients;(4)music intervention combined with central stimulants may have a better effect on ADHD than the use of central stimulants alone.However,more researches are needed to explore specific music characteristics,duration of treatment and the effects of music on the various factors of ADHD,so as to make this convenient and cheap method to benefit more ADHD patients. |
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