Consumption Of Plain Water And Association With New-onset Overweight Risk Among Chinese

Part 1 Consumption and changes of plain water and beverages in the Chinese adult population: China Health and Nutrition Survey 2006-2011Objectives: A paucity of studies has examined the changes and recent situation of plain water intake(PWI)among Chinese adults.The aim of our study was to examine the current situation of plain water and beverages intake among Chinese population.Methods:The national cross-sectional data from China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)2006-2011 was used to evaluate the changes and recent status of PWI by Chinese adults aged 6-85.The missing data of plain water and beverages intake was excluded at baseline.The plain water and beverages intake was analyzed by age,gender and regions.Moreover,the trend and changes of plain water and beverages intake was also analyzed in this study.Results:A total of 9,791?10,086 and 12,945 Chinese participants aged 6 to 85 years old were included in this study.Chinese population drank adequately plain water in the all age groups,especially women,old population and overweight individuals,but individuals drank more plain water per day who came from Shanghai,Beijing and Shandong within the all included provinces.In 2011,Chinese teenagers(6-17 years old),adults(18-65 years old)and old population(66-85 years old)reported consuming an average of 2.9 cups(equal to 716 mL),3.1 cups(equal to 739 mL)and 3.1 cups(736 mL)per day of plain water,respectively.Tea intake accounted to large proportion of daily total fluid intake among Chinese adults and old population,and sugar-sweetened beverages intake attributed to daily fluid intake a lot among Chinese children and teenagers.Although plain water intake attributed to 60% daily total fluid intake and beverages was a little,sugar-sweetened beverages intake was a little proportion in the all included beverages.However,sugar-sweetened beverages intake was rising most dramatically during five years.Conclusion: According to the 2011 CHNS,half of Chinese people drink less than the amount of plain water per day based on the 2007 Chinese Dietary Guidelines.Sugar-sweetened beverages intake attributed to large proportion of daily fluid intake among Chinese children and teenagers,as well as rising dramatically among all age groups.Part 2 Plain Water Intake and Association with the Risk of Overweight in the Chinese Adult Population: China Health and Nutrition Survey 2006-2011Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was increasing dramatically worldwide.The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake(PWI)with the risk of new-onset overweight risk among Chinese adults.Methods:A total of 3200 adults aged 18-65 who were free of overweight at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)cohort study in 2006-2011.The risk of new-onset overweight with different amounts of PWI per day was analyzed in this five-year cohort.A Poisson regression model was used to assess the association of PWI and the risk of new-onset overweight and adjust for potential confounders.Moreover,dose-response models were developed to estimate the linear relationship.Results:During 5 years of follow-up,1018 incident cases were identified.Our analysis indicated an inverse association of more than 4 cups of PWI per day and the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals.Compared with participants who drank 0 to 1 cup PWI,the adjusted risk ratios(RR)of overweight were 0.848(95%CI=0.682-0.954)in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI,and RR=0.633(95%CI=0.470-0.854)in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI.Among men,the adjusted risk ratios(RR)of overweight were RR=0.856(95%CI=0.620-0.982)in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI,and RR=0.749(95%CI=0.491-0.944)in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI.Among women,the adjusted risk ratios(RR)of overweight were RR=0.845(95%CI=0.626-0.939)in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI,and RR=0.534(95%CI=0.348-0.820)in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI.The dose–response analysis showed that every cup of PWI was associated with a 4.9%,4.2% and 5.6% decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among total population,men and women,respectively.Finally,the interactions of PWI and covariates on the risk of overweight were not found.Conclusion:Drinking more than 4 cups(?1 liter)per day of plain water is associated to decrease the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals.