| Objective To explore the behavioral preference of middle-aged and older male smokers in cigarette coin decision-making tasks and the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and smoking decision-making preferences.Method Chapter 1: We selected 277 cases of middle-aged and older male patients from 2017.6 to 2018.11 in our hospital as research object.All subjects were divided into smoking group(n=164)and control group(n=113).The smoking group was divided into low-dependent group(n=32),moderate-dependent group(n=38)and high-dependent group(n=94)according to the nicotine dependence test scale.Cigarette and coin decision-making tasks compiled by E-Prime 2.0 software for all subjects.The tasks were divided into two tasks,task one and task two.The data were statistically processed using SPSS20.0.The count data were expressed as the number of cases and the percentage;the measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.The t-test was used to compare the mean between the two groups.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the three groups.The chi-square test was used for comparison of counting data between the two groups.The correlation analysis was performed by spearman correlation analysis.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Chapter 2: The 277 subjects included were included in living habits,past medical history data collection,and decision-making tasks and carotid ultrasound.The subjects were divided into carotid atherosclerosis group(156 cases)and non-carotid atherosclerosis group(121 cases)according to the results of carotid artery ultrasound.According to the results of carotid ultrasound,the smokers were divided into the smoking carotid atherosclerosis group(n=107)and the smoking non-hardening group(n=57).To analyze the relationship between smoking decision-making preference and carotid atherosclerosis,and the influence of carotid atherosclerosis on carotid atherosclerosis.Results Chapter 1: Study on smoking preference decision of middle-aged and elderly men 1.There was no significant difference between the smoking group and the control group at age and education level(P>0.05).There were also no statistically significant differences in age and education between the different nicotine-dependent groups(P>0.05).Daily smoking and FTND scores in the severely dependent group were significantly higher than those in the moderately dependent group and the low dependent group(P<0.05).2.The results of decision-making task 1 showed that the number of cigarette selections and the total number of selections in the smoking group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total number of coins in the control group was significantly higher than that in the smoking group(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between the smoking group and the control group in the number of coin selections(P>0.05).3.The results of different nicotine dependence groups in task 1 show that the number of cigarettes choices and the total number of selections in highly dependent group were greater than the moderately dependent group and the low degree dependent group(P<0.05).The total number of highly dependent group coins was greater than the moderately dependent group and the highly dependent group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of coin selection between the three groups.(P>0.05).4.The results of decision task 2 showed that the number of cigarettes selected by the smoking group and the control group was lower than that of the coins(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,there was no significant difference in the number of coin selection and the number of cigarette selection between the smoking group and the control group(P>0.05).5.The results of different nicotine dependence groups in task 2 showed that the number of cigarette selections was lower than the number of selections of coins in the three groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of coin selections and the number of cigarette selections between the three groups of coins(P>0.05).6.In task 1,the number of cigarettes in the smoking group was positively correlated with the degree of nicotine dependence(r=0.517;P<0.05),daily smoking(r=0.345;P<0.05),and duration of smoking(r=0.200;P<0.05).The total number of cigarettes in the smoking group was related to the degree of nicotine dependence(r=0.737;P<0.05)and daily smoking(r= 0.400;P<0.05).The total number of times was not correlated with the duration of smoking(r=0.042;P>0.05).Chapter 2: Correlation between carotid atherosclerosis and smoking decision-making preference in middle-aged and elderly men 1.Of the 277 subjects,156 had carotid atherosclerosis,and the rate of carotid atherosclerosis was 56.32%.2.The incidence of carotid atherosclerosis was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).3.The number of cigarettes in the carotid atherosclerosis group was higher than that in the non-sclerosing group.The total number of cigarettes in the carotid atherosclerosis group were also higher than that in the non-hardening group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the smoking carotid atherosclerosis group,the number of cigarettes selected in the decision-making task and the total number of selections were significantly higher than those in the smoking non-carotid atherosclerosis group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).4.Carotid arteriosclerosis was significantly higher in age,smoking,alcohol consumption,hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia than in non-cranial arteriosclerosis,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).5.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age,alcohol consumption,hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.The approach preference for cigarettes was not an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusion 1.Smokers have significant approaching effects on cigarette-related clues.There is a positive correlation between smokers' preference for cigarettes and the degree of nicotine dependence and daily smoking.2.There is a difference in smoking decision-making preference between patients with carotid atherosclerosis and non-hardened patients,but smoking decision-making preference is not an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis. |
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