A Study On The Protection Of The Rights Of Subjects In Genetic Testing From The Perspective Of Bioethics

In recent years,the wide application and development of genetic testing technology in the medical field have made its value more and more recognized.Meanwhile,ethical issues that may be brought about by genetic testing are also gradually recognized,generating concern and discussion by society.As a new life science and technology,genetic testing is of great value to the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of diseases.It is of great significance to the improvement of quality of life and health of all human beings.However,behind many benefits,genetic testing technology also pose challenges to subjects' genetic rights,including those of genetic equality,genetic autonomy and genetic privacy,leading to ethical issues involving the rights of subjects.Bioethics is a branch of applied ethics that studies the ethical issues in the field of life sciences and medical care,pointing out the directions for the research on the protection of subjects' rights when the legislation of genetic rights in China relatively lags behind.Through reading extensive literature and integrating theories and methods of ethics,genetics,and laws,this thesis analyzes the ethical issues involving the rights of subjects in the process of genetic testing,and tries to put forward some suggestions on the protection of subject's rights on the basis of bioethics.Firstly,the background of genetic testing technology is briefly introduced,and the concept,characteristics and development status of genetic testing technology are clarified on this basis.Next,based on the interests of human beings such as equality,freedom and dignity,this paper expounds the contents of genetic rights involved in the genetic testing process,and analyzes the relevant ethical issues.Gene discrimination,the lack of informed consent and the interference of gene privacy are pointed out to be the main forms of potential challenges to the rights of genetic equality,genetic autonomy and genetic privacy.In order to protect the genetic rights of the subjects in the process of testing,this thesis,from the perspective of bioethics,taking the four commonly recognized ethical principles,namely,the principle of autonomy,the principle of non-maleficence,the principle of beneficence,and the principle of justice,as the theoretical norms,is helpful in guiding relevant personnel in making right decisions in the process of practice.Furthermore,it puts forward several practical measures,such as individuals' learning theoretical knowledge and building awareness of safeguarding rights,special topic learning and strengthening self-supervision by institutions,public science education,supervision by and guidance for public opinion,and improvement of management methods and laws and regulations by the state,so as to provide suggestions for the protection of the rights of the subjects.