Pneumomediastinum With Rare Causes:case Report And Literature Review

Objective:Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon and benign self-limiting disease.A large number of mediastinal gas accumulation may lead to tension emphysema of the mediastinum,which can cause compression of the heart or major blood vessels.It progresses rapidly and may eventually endanger life,when not handled effectively in time.Understanding the causes of pneumomediastinum can provide a basis for accurate treatment.Clinicians should attach great importance to raise awareness of the disease,and pay attention to differential diagnosis of pneumomediastinum with other serious diseases,to reduce the occurrence of medical risks.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the pathophysiological mechanism,hazards,etiological factors,clinical manifestations and signs,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pneumomediastinum,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A 19-year-old female patient with pneumomediastinum caused by breast intercourse was treated in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of our hospital on September 5,2017.Results:The patient was diagnosed as pneumomediastinum by computed tomography(CT).After conservative treatment such as bed rest,oxygen inhalation and pain control,the mediastinal gas was completely absorbed and no discomfort was found after discharge.Conclusion:For patients with chest pain,detailed medical history collection and physical examination should be carried out to determine the etiology.Considering the etiology of chest pain,the possibility of pneumomediastinum should not be omitted,especially in young patients with chest pain.Although pneumomediastinum is mostly a self-limiting disease and most patients have atypical symptoms,the increasing accumulation of gas and tension in pneumomediastinum is a serious disease that can lead to death.We report a case of pneumomediastinum caused by an unusual cause.This case may be the first reported pneumomediastinum caused by sexual behavior..This case suggests that the etiology of pneumomediastinum should be determined by detailed medical history and physical examination.To fully assess and predict potential complications and risks,so as to target treatment and avoid delays.