Influences Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction And Catch-up Growth On Intestinal Micro-structure And Glucose Transport

PurposeEpidemiological studies have shown that the intrauterine environment to which fetuses exposed can have a long-term impact on health after birth.Gestation and lactation are crucial periods of individual development.Changes of maternal nutrition status in this time lead to increased risk of metabolic disease both in adolescence and adulthood.We build animal models of intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)and catch-up growth,to investigate the effects of perinatal nutrition on the intestinal tract and metabolism.Methods1.Animal model:Divide the pregnant Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats into the control or food restriction(FR)groups randomly.Pregnant rats Rats in control group were fed ad libitum,and FR rats were fed 50%food-intake of control rats.After delivery,pups of both groups were randomly given to mother rats of control group in litter size of 8 or 4.Thus we build four animal models named as control(CON),control-hypernutrition(CON-H),IUGR and IUGR-hypernutrition(IUGR-H).2.Rats were weighted every week from birth,fasting blood glucose,serum TG and total CHO were measured in 16-week old.3.HE staining was used to analyze changes of the intestine structure.4.Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect gene expression in rat intestine.Results1.At birth,FR pups were significantly smaller than control pups.The body weight of IUGR rats was similar to control rats in 16 weeks old.2.The fast blood glucose,serum TG and total CHO of group CON-H and IUGR-H were higher than those in group CON and IUGR respectively.3.Villi height in IUGR were lower than other three groups,catch-up growth increase the villi height compared to un-catch up groups..4.SGLT1 expression in intestine mucosal was increased in IUGR group compared with control groups,while the expression of Sgkl was decreased in IUGR group.ConclusionIUGR male rats have an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction with higher fast blood glucose and serum TG,catch-up growth worsen the situation.IUGR and catch-up growth influence the micro-structure and expression of glucose transporter on intestine.The increased expression of SGLT1 regulated by SGK1 and NEDD4L in IUGR group may be the cause of metabolic disturbance.