Analysis Of The Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Retinopathy Of Premature Infants

Objective:Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)seriously reduced the quality of life of surviving preterm infants,and its incidence increased with the improvement of rescue level of preterm infants.Therefore,exploring the characteristics and high risk factors of premature of retinopathy is of great clinical significance to provide theoretical basis for early intervention in the occurrence and development of ROP and to improve the quality of life of premature infants.Methods:The clinical data of 330 premature infants were collected from the Newborn Rescue Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from 1 January 2015-31 May 2018.We screened out ROP group and non-ROP group,summarized the characteristics of ROP,screened out the possible risk factors of ROP according to the relevant inpatient data,first carried out univariate analysis,and then established a multi-factor Logistic regression model with statistically significant single factor.Finally,the independent risk factors of ROP were obtained.Results:1.There were 330 preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria in this study,including 32 in the ROP group and 298 in the non-ROP group.In the ROP group,21 males(65.6%)and 11 females(34.4%);the gestational age ranged from 25.14 to 34.43 weeks,the average gestational age was 29.10±2.30 weeks,9 premature infants less than 28 weeks old developed ROP,the incidence of ROP was 90.0%;17 cases of preterm infants with 28~<32 weeks old had ROP,the incidence of ROP was 14.0%;5 cases of premature infants with 32~<34 weeks old had ROP,and the incidence of ROP was 3.7%;One case of premature infants with 34~<37 weeks old had ROP,and the incidence of ROP was 1.6%.Preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks accounted for the majority(81.3%),and the incidence of ROP in preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks was significantly higher than that of preterm infants with gestational age of 32 weeks and above(c2=8.695,P=0.003);The ROP group had a birth weight range from 800 to 1710 g,an average birth weight of 1254.37±256.03 g,6 premature infants with a body weight less than1000 g had ROP,the incidence of ROP was 42.9%.The ROP group of preterm infants weighing 1001 ~1500g was 20,the incidence of ROP was 18.0%;the ROP group of premature infants with body weight of 1501~2000g was 6 cases,the incidence of ROP was 3.7%;the premature infants weighing >2000g had no ROP.The prevalence of ROP in preterm infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g(81.3%)and a birth weight of 1500 g was significantly higher than that of preterm infants weighing >1500 g(c2=15.522,P<0.001).ROP stage I lesions in 7 cases(21.9%),stage II lesions in 9 cases(28.1%),stage III/III lesions in 13 cases(40.6%),stage IV lesions in 0 cases(0%),stage V lesions in 0 cases(0%),3 patients(9.4%)with ROP type I before threshold,and 4 patients(12.5%)with retinal hemorrhage.2.Univariate analysis of risk factors related to ROP: gestational age,birth weight,pneumonia,oxygen therapy,retinal hemorrhage,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),anemia of prematurity,infused red cell history,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal bronchopulmonary dystrophy(BPD),hyperbilirubinemia and preterm infant encephalopathy were associated with the occurrence of ROP.The smaller the gestational age,the lower the birth weight and the longer the oxygen therapy time lead to higher incidence of ROP.3.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis: taking the above risk factors as independent variables and ROP as dependent variables,the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age,retinal hemorrhage and premature infants with pneumonia were the independent high-risk factors for the occurrence of ROP.Conclusions:1.Preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or a birth weight of less than 1500 g should be used as key screening subjects in early screening for retinopathy of prematurity.2.Gestational age,birth weight,pneumonia,oxygen therapy,retinal hemorrhage,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),anemia of prematurity,infused red cell history,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal bronchopulmonary dystrophy(BPD),hyperbilirubinemia and preterm infant encephalopathyare the risk factors for ROP.The smaller the gestational age,the lower the birth weight and the longer the oxygen therapy time lead to higher incidence of ROP.3.The low gestational age,retinal hemorrhage,and pneumonia are the independent risk factors of ROP.Therefore,the premature infants with the above risk factors should strengthen the monitoring and follow-up for early detection and early intervention to avoid serious eye diseases.