| BackgroundThe thalamus is the last relay station for subcortical sensation and may perceive rough pain.When the thalamus is damaged,it may cause sensory dysfunction and hyperalgesia,spontaneous pain,and the like.In addition,through the intermediate nucleus and the anterior ventral nucleus,the cerebral cortex is integrated with the cerebellum,striatum,and substantia nigra to achieve the regulation of body movement.The thalamus not only plays an important role in maintaining and regulating consciousness,alertness,and attention,but the thalamus is also associated with emotions that accompany many sensory experiences;and more and more scholars in the thalamic junction believe that it is missing or not.There is an inseparable relationship,and research in this direction may have a great impact on the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia.The thalamus is located in the deep part of the brain,and its structure and its surrounding tissue anatomy are complex.Defining the local anatomy and imaging findings of the thalamic nuclei can deeply explore the thalamic lesions and lay the foundation for clinical.At present,the identification and localization of deep brain nuclei mainly rely on MRI or neurological imaging.However,due to the composition of the nuclei and the low resolution and volume effect of existing medical images,some of them are not yet available.The accurate two-dimensional contour of the nucleus and further study its three-dimensional shape.ObjectiveThrough the thin section of adult brain specimens,the upper and lower diameters,left and right diameters,anteroposterior diameters and volumes of the upper thalamus were measured by computer software,and then the thalamus was reconstructed based on the cadaver magnetic resonance image using Materialise's Interactive Medical Image Control System(Mimics)medical 3D reconstruction software.The visual 3D model provides an anatomical basis for stereotactic surgery in the brain.MethodsSix adult male skull specimens were selected for magnetic resonance scanning(MRI).The images were transferred to the computer and the three-dimensional model of thalamus was reconstructed by using the interactive medical image control system(Mimics)medical three-dimensional reconstruction software.Then,6 brain specimens were prepared and divided into sagittal,coronal,horizontal group,2 cases in each group,frozen at-20 ?,sagittal,coronal,horizontal slice thickness 0.5 mm continuous sections were prepared and photographs were taken.The image was imported into computer,and the contour boundary of thalamus was identified and extracted by photoshopCS6 software.The anteroposterior diameter,left-right diameter,upper-right diameter and volume of the upper thalamus on the cross-section were measured.Results 1.Brain slice specimen observationHorizontal observation of brain slices: continuous slices are made from the parietal lobe to the bottom of the brain.The appearance plane of the corpus callosum was defined as 0,the thalamus appeared at the distance from the corpus callosum plane 43 mm,the hyaline septum connected to the posterior geniculus of the corpus callosum,the posterior septum hyaline was the fornix and the thalamus was on both sides of the fornix.The head of caudate nucleus and the lateral part of dorsal thalamus are internal sacs.Further downwards,the thalamus was located in the lateral part of the third ventricle,the dorsal thalamus and the lateral head of the caudate nucleus were the >-shaped internal capsule,followed by the globus pallidus,the shell,the outer capsule,the screen nucleus,the outermost capsule,the cortex of the island lobe and the island lid.The thalamus disappeared about 61 mm from the corpus callosum.In that coronal position of the brain slice,the frontal lobe of the lateral ventricle was cut from the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe,the level of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle was defined as 0,the thalamus was present at 25 mm from the origin level,the thalamus was about 3 cm in length,The medial side wall of the thalamus of the thalamus of the two sides is involved in the side wall of the third ventricle and the lower wall of the lateral ventricle,and the white matter on the outside of the thalamus and the caudate nucleus is an inner capsule.The third ventricle and the lateral ventricle of the lateral ventricle were communicated between the hole column and the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.The thalamus was attached to both sides of the thalamus at the back of the room.At this time,the body-moving behavior of the body is dry.The thalamus disappeared at 55 mm from the origin level.Sagittal observation of brain sections: continuous sections are made from the midline of the brain to the temporal lobe,and the interthalamic adhesion(also known as the middle mass,which is the gray matter structure connecting both sides of the thalamus in the third ventricle)appears in the median sagittal position.The outline of thalamus can be observed on the median sagittal plane.The medial side of thalamus and hypothalamus is the third ventricle,and it is divided into upper and lower parts by means of hypothalamic sulcus.The interventricular foramen is located between the fornix column and thalamus,and the fornix extends backward and downward between the thalamus and the corpus callosum to form the fornix foot.The choroidal plexus of the third ventricle is located at the junction between the dorsal and medial sides of the thalamus.At 10 mm from the interthalamic adhesion,the thalamus occipitum appeared in front of the triangle of the lateral ventricle,and the white matter fiber between it and the lenticular nucleus was the posterior limb of the internal capsule.At 4 mm from the interthalamic adhesion plane,the thalamus disappeared.2.Thalamic data measurementThe anteroposterior diameter of the thalamus is(29.52±0.47)mm,the left and right meridian is(14.51±0.18)mm,the upper and lower diameter is(18.66±0.35)mm,the volume of the left thalamus is 6218.56±563.6 mm3,and the volume of the right thalamus is 5764.37.±485.48mm3,the three-dimensional reconstruction of the thalamus clearly shows the spatial position and three-dimensional shape of the thalamus.ConclusionsThrough the anatomical and three-dimensional reconstruction of the thin section of the thalamus,the spatial structure and morphology of the thalamus are obtained,which provides a reference for functional neurosurgery. |
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