| Part 1 Study on the chemical constituents and antitumor activity of Patrinia heterophylla BungePatrinia belongs to the Valerianaceae family which includes 20 species and is mainly produced in eastern Asia to the central part of China and the northwestern of North America.There are 10 species,3 subspecies and 2 varieties in China,which have abundant resources and produced all over the country.This genus has a long history of medicinal use in China with anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,anti-oxidant,sedative and hypnotic,and hepatoprotective activities.Patrinia heterophylla Bunge as a traditional anti-tumor drug,so far,there are only 7 triterpenoids,4 iridoid esters,3 lignans,2 steroids,3 flavonoids,4 triterpenoid saponin and 1coumarin are separated from this plant in addition to volatile oil components.The separation and identification of further chemical constituents of this plant and the pharmacological studies of the monomeric compounds are very necessary.Objective: As a traditional anti-tumor Chinese medicine,the chemical constituents and antitumor activity of P.heterophylla were studied in this paper,and provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of P.heterophylla.Methods: A systematic chemical study was carried out on the P.heterophylla,and 15 monomer compounds were isolated.Their chemical structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic,mass spectral analyses and compared with literature data.The cytotoxicities were evaluated by MTT assay on six cancer cell lines: human melanoma cell(A375),human hepatocellular carcinoma cell(SMMC-7721),human gastric cancer cell(SGC-7901),human cervical cancer cell(HeLa),human colon cancer cell(HCT-116),and human breast cancer cell(MDA-MB-231).The apoptosis-inducing activities of compounds 1,5,12 and 15 in A375 tumor cells determined by flow cytometry.Results: The 15 monomers are five phenylpropanoids,ethyl caffeate(1),coniferaldehyde(5),trans-p-coumaryl aldehyde(6),caffeic acid methyl ester(12),and3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid(15),four acetophenones,1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone(2),2’,5’-Dihydroxyacetophenone(3),cynanchone A(8),and cynandione A(10),two phenols,vanillin(4)and catechol(9),two iridoids,sarracenin(7)and patriscabrol(11),one alkane,tetracosane(14),and one coumarin,scopoletin(13).Of them,compounds 1-10,12 and 14-15 were isolated for the first time from the roots of P.heterophylla.Compounds 1 and 15 were reported for the first time with in vitro activities on antitumor cells.MTT assay showed that alcohol extract of P.heterophylla(W-1)showed selective activities to A375,SMMC-7721,He La,HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and could significantly inhibited the viability of He La.Compounds 1,5-9,12-13 and 15 had significantly selective cytotoxic activities against tumor cells.Apoptosis detected by flow cytometry revealed that compounds 1,5,12 and15 can induce apoptosis for A375 at low concentrations.Conclusion: This study enriches the chemical constituents of P.heterophylla,and shows that the phenylpropanoids,iridoids and coumarins may be the active ingredients of P.heterophylla.Part 2 Study on the hypoglycemic effect of Corn silk in type Ⅱ diabetic miceCorn silk(Stigma maydis)belongs to the gramineae family,and is distributed in most provinces and regions of China.As a traditional medicinal plant,it has the effect of reducing swelling and calming the liver and gallbladder.There are many records of Corn silk in traditional herbal books,such as "Hebei medicine","ling-nan-cai-yao-lu","dian-nan-ben-cao".It is found that the main components of Corn silk are polysaccharides,flavonoids,saponins,sterols,phenols,etc.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Corn silk must have the effects of lowering blood sugar,lowering blood fat,lowering blood pressure,resisting tumors,regulating immunity,etc.The local phytopathology "Sichuan Chinese Medicine" record that it is non-toxic,modern toxicology experiments and clinical medication observations have found that it is non-toxic and safe to use.Objective: In order to better develop and utilize the Corn silk resources in China,this paper conducts a preliminary study on the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of Stigma maydis.Methods: Preparation of Corn silk extract with 60% ethanol at 60 ℃.Establishment of type Ⅱ diabetic mice model by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Modeling mice were randomly divided into Corn silk high,Corn silk medium,Corn silk low dose groups(1200,600,300 mg/kg.d),metformin positive group(150 mg/kg.d)and model group,model group and normal group were given normal saline(0.1 m L/10g),Continuous four-week intragastric administration.Blood glucose and body weight are measured weekly,and observe the color,spirit,behavior of the mice every day.After four weeks,the glucose tolerance test was carried out,and an aqueous glucose solution(concentration: 20%)was administered by gavage,and the administration volume was10 ml/kg,blood glucose levels were measured at 0,15,30,60,120 min.Finally,blood is taken from the eyeball and centrifuged to obtain serum for determination of Total Cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),maleic dialdehyde(MDA),and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD).Finally,the liver and kidney were collected,blotted with filter paper,weighed and placed in formalin fixative,routinely dehydrated,stained with paraffin-embedded sections,and examined by light microscopy.Results: Corn silk high,Corn silk medium dose groups and positive group can significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved symptoms of glucose tolerance in type Ⅱ diabetic mice(P<0.05),Compared with the model group,the Corn silk high,Corn silk medium,and positive groups can significantly lower the levels of TC,TG and MDA in type Ⅱ diabetic mice,and significantly increase the activity of SOD(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the Corn silk high dose group and the positive group can improve liver damage in diabetic mice.Conclusion: Corn silk can significantly reduce the blood glucose in type Ⅱ diabetic mice,which may be related to its anti-oxidation and regulation of lipid metabolism. |
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