Establishment Of Specification And Grade Standards And Quality Research On Gastrodia Elata Commodities

Objective:In this study,the herbal research on gastrodia elata was carried out,and the commodity specifications and grade standards of gastrodia elata were established.HPLC,atomic absorption spectrometry and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the composition and mineral elements of gastrodia elata,so as to evaluate the quality of different varieties,origins and grades of gastrodia elata,and provide a systematic method for the origin tracing,variety identification and grade classification of gastrodia elata.Methods:?1?Based on the literature of ancient Materia Medica,this article made a systematic research on the name,origin,changes of producing areas,the medicinal parts,the harvest and processing,processing methods and quality evaluation of gastrodiae rhizoma,and speculated on the origin of the records.?2?Based on the former grade and being beneficial to transaction,the different areas and grades medicinal materials of gastrodiae rhizoma was respectively measured in quantitative characters of appearance and texture.Then the data were evaluated by the software of Excel and SPSS 19.0 with correlation analysis,principal component analysis and K-mean clustering analysis to establish a new standard.?3?A total of 120 batches of samples from each place of origin were collected.HPLC method was used to determine the content of 6 components including gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzoyl alcohol,adenosine,p-hydroxybenzaldehyde,parishin A and parishin B,and to establish fingerprint and to conduct quality evaluation.?4?The content of 14 mineral elements including phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,copper,lead,iron,chromium,cadmium,zinc,manganese and nickel in 98 batches of gastrodiae rhizoma samples from different origins were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry,which are for tracing the and the origin.?5?The detection model of 6 chemical components in 75 batches of gastrodiae rhizoma samples was established by using near infrared spectroscopy combined with PLSR,and the qualitative identification model of 218 batches of gastrodiae rhizoma samples from different origins was established by combining KNN and BP-ANN algorithm.Results:?1?From the point of view of the ancient Materia Medica,there are homonyms and various aliases in gastrodiae rhizoma;Being unfamiliar with the ecological characteristics and different morphological description of gastrodiae rhizome,the morphological description of gastrodiae rhizoma was slightly different in ancient and modern times.From the beginning of the Republic of China,resulted in a slight difference between the ancient and modern descriptions;The medicinal parts of gastrodiae rhizoma produced big differences in the Song Dynasty;Comparing with now,the time of its' harvest was earlier and the processing methods have been much more simplified than previous records;Quality evaluation has been expanded on the basis of the ancients and been more detailed.From the above aspects,the author gets to the root of the matter,in order to provide a reference for evaluating the quality and evident herbal basis for its clinical application and reasonable development of gastrodiae rhizoma,and utilization of this resource.?2?Through software analysis,three indexes of single weight,middle width and tail width were selected,commodities of gastrodiae rhizoma were also divided into four grades,namely 16 pieces /kg in the first grade,25 pieces /kg in the second grade,50 pieces /kg in the third grade and 50 pieces /kg in the fourth grade.?3?According to the analysis of Chinese pharmacopoeia,the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in Yunnnan Lijiang,Hubei Luotian,Hubei Yichang and other places are respectively 4.890 mg/g,4.544mg/g and 4.295mg/g,while the contents in Yunnan Zhaotong,Shaanxi Hanzhong and Sichuan Guangyuan are 2.103 mg/g,1.910 mg/g and 3.084 mg/g.At the same time,there was a significant positive correlation between gastrodiae rhizoma grade and the content of 6 components?P<0.05?,there was also a significant positive correlation between gastrodiae rhizoma and parishin A and parishin B,as well as p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde?P<0.05?.?4?By measuring the content of 14 elements,it was found that the distribution law of elements in gastrodia elata could be used as the fingerprint of its medicinal materials,and the content of Ca elements in Yunnan Lijiang and Yunnan Zhaotong were 181.16 mg/kg and 190.99 mg/kg respectively.The contents of Zn in Anhui Jinzhai,Hubei Luotian and Guizhou Dafang were 39.14 mg/kg,36.89 mg/kg and 30.01 mg/kg.Mn content in Guizhou Dafang origin is 25.58 mg/kg;The contents of Cd in Yunnnan Zhaotong and Guizhou Dafang were 0.42 mg/kg and 0.24 mg/kg respectively.The distribution of Fe in Yunnna Lijiang,Guizhou Dafang and Hubei Luotian was 144.27 mg/kg,135.95 mg/kg and 142.68 mg/kg.At the same time,the discriminant rate of DA analysis for origin identification was 87.9%;K,P,Cd,Cu and Mn were significantly negatively correlated with different grades,while Cr elements were positively correlated.?5?A quantitative analysis model for the rapid determination of gastrodin,parishin A and parishin B was established.The three components were pretreated with MSC,FD+MSC and MSC,respectively.The modeling spectrum was 6100-5400 cm^-1,and the R² predicted by the model was 74.46 %,79.95 % and 80.90 %,respectively.The qualitative model established by KNN algorithm can distinguish the origins of Yunnan Li Jiang,Hubei Luotian,Hubei Yichang and Anhui Jinzhai,but there are many wrong judgments in Yunnan Zhaotong,Shaanxi Hanzhong,Sichuan Guangyuan and Guizhou Dafang.Bp-ann algorithm modeling was carried out in five producing areas of Yunnan Lijiang,Anhui Jinzhai,Hubei Luotian,Hubei Yichang and Sichuan Guangyuan,and the accuracy rate is up to 97.40%.Conclusion:?1?Chinese gastrodia elata artificial cultivation technology is mature and suitable for large-scale promotion in the production areas;the harvesting time,processing method and size of gastrodia elata also changed compared with traditional wild gastrodia elata.The sources of medicinal materials changed from completely wild to completely domesticated,and the varieties changed from G.elata Bl.f.elata to G.elata Bl.f.elata and G.elata Bl.f.glauca S.Chow and etc.The change of origin is a process that gradually concentrates from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin to the lower reaches,gradually expands from the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin to the south and west of the han river and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river,and finally moves from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river to the upper reaches of the jinsha river basin.?2?Using weight of single,middle width and tail width as classification indexes,the new grade standard of gastrodiae rhizome is mostly decreased,compared with the former one,and is conform to the traditional quality evaluation of the medicinal materials and is reasonable.?3?In Yunnan Lijiang,Hubei Luotian,Hubei Yichang,the contents of gastrodin,parishin A and parishin B were higher,while the contents of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were higher in Zhaotong,Shaanxi and Sichuan.There was a trend that the content of gastrodia elata grade and 6 chemical components was higher with higher grade.Gastrodia elata of Yunnan Lijiang,Yunnan Zhaotong,Hubei Luotian and Anhui Jinzhai can be identified according to the content of 6 components and the area of 10 common peaks.?4?There are differences in the elements from different places of origin.The content of Cd is relatively high in the places of origin and in Guizhou Dafang,while Ca,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cd and other elements may be used as characteristic elements to distinguish several places of origin.The absorption of elements may be different in different grades of gastrodia elata.DA analysis can be used to identify different places of origin,and Ca and Ni elements can be used as identification indicators of traditional Chinese medicine.?5?A rapid determination model for the contents of gastrodin,parishin A and parishin B in gastrodia elata was established.In this study,the qualitative analysis models of different habitats were established by using KNN and bp-ann algorithm,and the gastrodia elata from Yunnan Lijiang,Anhui Jinzhai,Hubei Luotian,Hubei Yichang and other habitats were successfully identified,providing technical support for the application of near infrared technology in Chinese medicinal materials.