Research And Development Of Virtual-Physical Simulation System For Ventricular Puncture Surgery In Neurosurgery

External ventricular drain also known as ventriculostomy or outdoor drainage,is one of the commonly used surgical methods in neurosurgery.It is also a basic skill that doctors must master skillfully,which has great value in the treatment of many kinds of intracranial diseases.The key to its successful implementation is to accurately place a tube in the correct position in the process of puncture,or repeated adjustments will increase the chance of complications such as bleeding,infection and nerve injury,and cause long-term or permanent injury to brain tissue.Sometimes it even endangers the life of the patient.So it is important for neurosurgeons,especially young doctors,to master puncture skills as quickly as possible.At present,cadaver training,virtual reality simulation system or oral instruction and operational demonstration in actual operation are mainly used in lateral ventricle puncture.However,the preservation technology of cadaver changes the tactile characteristics of brain tissue,the ventricle system is easily distorted and collapses,which is different from the patient's real intracranial situation.Operation training under the computer virtual reality system is not realistic enough to simulate the intracranial pressure environment.The simulation process is quite different from the clinical operation process,and the effect of training is very limited.The young doctors accumulate experience gradually through oral and operational demonstration by superior doctors in actual operation,which will inevitably increase the risk of operation.Therefore,this paper mainly studies and develops the simulation system of lateral ventricle puncture operation in neurosurgery,aiming at promoting the lateral ventricular puncture skills effectively.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,in order to solve the problem of incomplete information of single modal medical data,a method of 3D brain model reconstruction based on CT and MRI image fusion was proposed,which effectively combines the advantages of two kinds of modal data.And then the 3D brain virtual model with multi-information was established.Secondly,the modular design based on the reconstructed brain model was carried out.Through 3D printing method and rapid mold manufacturing technology,the multi-color,multi-material and near-real brain physical model was made,which overcomes the problem that the model material is single and the reality is not enough.Additionally,from two aspects of hardware and software design,the hardware design mainly includes the selection of each component and the corresponding circuit design.The software design includes the lower computer software based on single chip microcomputer and the upper computer software design based on Lab VIEW.Then,the monitoring and automatic control system of intracranial pressure was built,which can monitor the data of intracranial pressure and simulate different intracranial pressure environment.Finally,we designed and developed the mobile augmented reality surgery location assistant system based on Unity 3D and Vuforia SDK.The mobile terminal was used to cover the virtual information into the actual scene,which realizes better fusion effect between 3D virtual tissue model and physical model.