| BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.In many developed countries and regions,the incidence of breast cancer ranks first among female malignant tumors.In our country,the incidence of breast cancer also shows an upward trend with each passing year.Compared with the high incidence of breast cancer,its mortality rate is relatively low.In order to block its development and further reduce the number of advanced cases,increase the cure rate and decrease the mortality rate,improving early diagnosis rate has become the key to early prevention and treatment of breast cancer.Up to now,the etiology of breast cancer is not clear.Lower age of menarche,late menopause,late age of first full-term delivery,fewer pregnancies or infertility,shorter time of breast-feeding or non-breast-feeding are all the risk factors for breast cancer.Due to the non-observation of precancerous symptoms of breast cancer,and the limitations of general X-ray imaging technology on the dense breast tissue of young women,most of the breast cancer patients have developed to the middle and advanced stage when they are diagnosed.Therefore,many studies are exploring accurate and efficient early detection and diagnosis methods to improve the level of early diagnosis of breast cancer.Cancer antigen 153(CA153)is the most widely used clinical diagnostic and disease monitoring indicators for breast cancer at present.Due to the limitations of single marker detection,in recent clinical testing and research,selecting related markers for joint detection has been used frequently.Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)has been reported to be highly expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients.Therefore,combined detection with CA153 is often used as a combination of tumor markers for screening and early diagnosis of'breast cancer.As a safe,non-invasive and easily accessible biological sample,breast milk has been used in many studies of breast diseases.However,there are few reports on the relationship among the expression of tumor markers in breast milk and pregnancy and breast cancer whether at home or abroad.The correlation between the expression of tumor markers in breast milk and age,age of menarche,menstrual days,menstrual cycle,age of first full-term pregnancy,interval between menarche and first full-term pregnancy,gravida,times of delivery,times of abortion,number of live births,history of lactation,sex of the fetus in this delivery,family history of breast cancer and history of individual breast diseases,assisted reproductive technology used in this pregnancy,progesterone used in pregnancy,thyroid function,blood pressure and abnormal blood sugar during pregnancy,etc.remains to be explored.ObjectiveThe expression levels of tumor markers CEA and CA153 in bilateral colostrums of pregnant women within 72 hours after delivery were detected,and their relationship with pregnancy factors and breast cancer risk factors was analyzed to estimate the normal range of CEA and CA153 expression levels in the colostrum.Materials and MethodsFrom May 2018 to December 2018,143 pairs(286 cases)of maternal milk samples for detection of glycoprotein tumor markers CEA and CA153 were collected from obstetrics department of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and obstetrics department of Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital.Eighty-eight pairs(176 cases)were collected from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and 55 pairs(110 cases)were from Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital.All the specimens were collected within 72 hours after delivery.After admission,obstetricians conducted detailed inquiries and physical examinations according to clinical indications,and established subject information database based on clinical information.Eleven specimens were tested for CEA and CA153 by sandwich electrochemical immunoluminescence assay(ECLIA),and the data were analyzed by statistical method.ResultsThe first partProvides detailed statistical analysis of the clinical data of the enrolled subjects,including:age,menarche age,menstrual days,menstrual cycle,first full-term gestational age,menarche age and first full-term gestational age interval,pregnancy times,the number of births,the number of abortions,the number of surviving births and breastfeeding history,fetal gender,assisted reproductive technology and progesterone pregnancy treatment during pregnancy and thyroid function,blood sugar and blood pressure during pregnancy.The second partDetailed statistical analysis of the content of CEA and CA153 in the bilateral milk.The left breast milk specimen CEA P95 was 208.0 ng/ml,the right P95 was 131.9 ng/ml;the left breast specimen CA153 P95=1233.0 U/ml,and the right side P95=1323.3 U/ml.By contrast,the left side of CEA was higher than the right side,and no significant difference was seen on both sides of CA153.The third partExamines the correlation between the expression levels of bilateral CEA and CA153 and clinical data.The CEA expression level of the left breast specimen was correlated with the abnormal blood pressure during the pregnancy(P=0.014);the CEA expression level of the right breast specimen was correlated with the menstrual cycle.Statistical analysis of the remaining data showed no significant correlation.Conclusions1.The correlation between CEA and CA153 expression levels in bilateral milk samples was significant and positively correlated.2.The expression level of CEA in the bilateral milk samples was different,and the overall expression level of CEA in the left breast specimen was higher than that on the right side.3.There was no difference in the expression level of CA153 in the bilateral milk samples.4.Overall,subject age,menarche age,menstrual days,menstrual cycle,first full-term pregnancy age,menarche age and first full-term pregnancy age interval,pregnancy,parity,abortion times,childbirth survival number,history of breastfeeding,gender of childbirth in this birth,family history of breast cancer and history of personal breast disease,whether this pregnancy uses assisted reproductive technology,whether progesterone is used in this pregnancy,thyroid function,blood pressure,blood sugar abnormality during this pregnancy does not affect the determination of the expression levels of CEA and CA153 in bilateral milk samples.5.If the expression level of CEA on the left side of colostrum is higher than 208.0 ng/ml(P95,the same below),the right CEA is higher than 131.9 ng/ml or either side of CA153 is higher than 1226.6 U/ml,it can be considered abnormal.Need to be vigilant and further clear inspection. |
PDF Full Text Request