| Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae(PCR)is the dry ripe peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties.According to the origin,PC R can be divided into ordinary PCR and PCR chachiensis.PCR chachiensis mainly produced in Xinhui,Jiangmen of Guangdong province,which made by the peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Chachiensis.PC R is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine,the PC R chachiensis produced in Guangdong Xinhui is considered as the genuine regional drug.PC R has the function of regulating spleen,removing moisture,reducing phlegm and alleviating vomiting.According to the different picking time,PRC chachiensis can be divided into PCR viride,reddish PRC and the red PRC.Chinese medicine believes that the PRC viride is good at regulating liver while the PRC is good at regulating the spleen,the former act ing on the liver and kidney while the later acting on the heart and lung.Both are from the peel of Citrus reticulata chachiensis.But they are used for different symptom in clinical application.PRC and PRC viride are typical representatives of C hinese medicines which come from the same thing but different usage.In this paper,we try to explain the effect differences by analyzing difference of chemical substances contained in all PRC samples with various picking time.In the study of the chemical composition of PRC,people found that PRC had many active components,including flavonoids,volatile oils,alkaloids and polysacc harides.In this paper,the flavonoids and the volatile oil contained in PRC were studied.The relationship between the composition content of PRC and the piking time of Citrus reticulata chachiensis was observed and studied.The developmental process of Citrus reticulata chachiensis and the formation of peel secretory cavity were observed.The specific research contents and experimental results are as follows:1.The process of differentiation and development of flowers in Citrus reticulata chachiensis was observed by paraffin section method.The development of the flowers begun in the end of February to the early March,the differentiation of flower buds happened from the outside to the inside.At first the calyx primordia formed at the peripheral region,followed by inward formation of petals primordial,stamen primordium.After the formation of the carpel,the top elongated and formed the stigma and style while the base expanded and became the ovary.At this point,the bud formed.2.The process of formation of the secretory cavity was observed by semi-thin slicing method.The secretory cavity first appeared in the ovary wall,which originated in the epidermal cells.With the cell division,cell clusters close to the epidermal cells gradually formed which consisted by a dozen cells,and then the cell clusters gradually differentiated into a special structure with two distinct regions including the cap area and the ball area.The central part of the ball area produced intercellular space.The gap then expanded along the cell wall to form a cavity.With the expansion of cavity,peripheral secretory cells destroyed.Eventually,a mature secretory cavity formed,surrounded by flat epithelial cells.And in outer layer there were several more flat sheath cells wrapped the epithelial cells.3.Using the specific chromogenic reaction of flavonoids and volatile oil to certify weather they existed in the secretory cavity.We observed the distribution of flavonoids and volatile oil in Citrus reticulata chachiensis,and found that there were flavonoids and volatile oil in the secretory cavity.4.Yields rates of essential oil of PCRs with various picking time were achieved by the method of steam distillation.And it was found that the volatile oil content increased at first and then decreased with picking time postponed.A comparative study of the volatile oil components was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).D-limonene was the highest percentage component for all samples and the relative percentage was increasing monthly.In the compounds that were detected,the oxygen-containing compounds showed a tendency of increasing at first and then decreasing.5.The content of total flavonoids was measured by Silver nitrate chromogenic met hod,and we found that the flavonoids content in the PCR was significantly lower than PCR viride.Q uantitative analysis of three kind of flavonoids,hesperidin,nobiletin and naringenin were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The results showed that the contents of the three components decreased with the picking time in general.6.By pharmacological analysis and evaluation,we found that the green tangerine peel is more effective in the prevention of disease of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,while the red tangerine peel is more active in bacteriostasis,antiphlogosis,antibechic effect and other bilolgical activities. |
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