| Objectives To understand levels of 10 trace elements(Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Se,Cd,Hg,Pb,As)in serum and urine of acute myelogenous leukemia(AML)patients and activity changes of 3 antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,total superoxide dismutase)in serum of AML patients so as to analyze the correlation between the 10 trace elements and the 3 antioxidant enzymes in AML patients.Methods 1.The patient group consisted of 181 patients initially diagnosed with AML admitted in clinical practice.For these patients,levels of the 10 trace elements(Cr,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Se,Cd,Hg,Pb,As)in serum and urine were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and activities of the 3 antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,total superoxide dismutase)were determined with ELISA analyzer by colorimetric method.Meanwhile,the control group consisted of 235 healthy subjects.For the control group,levels of the 10 trace elements in serum and urine and activities of the 3 antioxidant enzymes were determined.2.Excels were used to collect data and set up a databank,and data analysis was conducted with SPSS17.0.When a normal distribution and homogeneity of variance were followed by data under test,difference comparisons between the two groups were then made by t test;otherwise,the comparisons were made by wilcoxn rank sum test.Pearson correlation analysis,principal component analysis and multiple linear regression were adopted to conduct correlation analysis.A significance level ? = 0.05 was adopted.The difference was regarded as statistically significant if p < 0.05.Results 1.Comparisons between the patient group and the control group in terms of levels of trace elements in serum showed that there were significant differences in levels of Se,Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,Mn,Cu and Zn(p < 0.05).Levels of the following trace elements in serum were significantly higher for the control group than the patient group: Mn(34.56±7.03?g/L vs.24.10±3.48?g/L),Zn(1076.17±107.77?g/L vs.743.52±153.46?g/L),and Se 115.10±19.98?g/L vs.94.40±36.79?g/L).Levels of the following trace elements in serum were significantly lower for the control group than the patient group: Cr(21.68±3.21?g/L vs.23.77±5.05?g/L),Cu(739.29±130.69?g/L vs.1156.44±446.31?g/L),Cd(0.73±0.29?g/L vs.1.34±0.36?g/L),Hg(34.10±7.15?g/L vs.48.96±6.87?g/L),and Pb(6.54±0.97?g/L vs.11.66±1.66?g/L).As for correlation analysis,there were widely positive and negative correlations between trace elements,and there were significant differences between the patient group and the control group in terms of correlation of the 28 groups(z < 1.96).The following pairs showed increased correlation: Cr-Zn,Cr-As,MnAs,Ni-Cu,Ni-Hg,Ni-As,Cu-Zn,Cu-Cd,Cd-Hg,Cd-As and Pb-As.The following pairs showed decreased correlation: Cr-Cd,Cr-Pb,Mn-Ni,Mn-Cd,Ni-Cd,Ni-Pb,Cu-Se,CdPb,Hg-Pb and Se-Pb.For principal component analysis,the first principal components mainly included Cr,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd and Pb,the second principal components Cr,Mn,Cu and Zn,the third principal component Se,and the fourth principal components Zn and Hg.2.Comparisons between the patient group and the control group in terms of levels of trace elements in urine showed that there were significant differences in levels of Se,Cd,Hg,Pb,As,Mn and Zn(p < 0.05).Levels of the following trace elements in urine were significantly higher for the control group than the patient group: Mn(7.26±2.11?g/L vs.3.43±1.83?g/L),Se(41.30±24.22?g/L vs.29.13±20.15?g/L),Cd(1.67±1.02?g/L vs.1.17±1.13?g/L),Hg(27.58±13.84?g/L vs.7.52±6.84?g/L),and As(78.20±30.18?g/L vs.47.56±18.61?g/L).Levels of the following trace elements in urine were significantly lower for the control group than the patient group: Pb(8.92±4.49?g/L vs.12.44±8.58?g/L)and Zn(543.67±105.36?g/L vs.897.40±197.86?g/L).3.Comparisons between the patient group and the control group in terms of activiti-es of antioxidant enzymes in serum showed that there were significant differences in catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and total superoxide dismutase(p < 0.05).Activi-ties of these antioxidant enzymes in serum were significantly higher for the control group than the patient group,catalase(58.21±20.83U/m L vs.51.70±25.04U/m L),gl-utathione peroxidase(208.30±48.74U/m L vs.106.64±41.23U/m L),total superoxide d-ismutase(107.48±24.53U/m L vs.82.10±22.25U/m L),respectively.For principal com-ponent analysis,the first principal component mainly included total superoxide dis-mutase,the second principal component catalase,and the third principal components glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase.As to correlation analysis between trace elements and antioxidant enzymes,several trace elements were closely corre-lated with antioxidant enzymes.In multiple linear regression analysis,the regressio-n equation of catalase involved levels of Ni,Hg and Cu;the regression equation of glutathione peroxidase involved levels of Cu,Se and Mn;and the regression equat-ion of total superoxide dismutase involved levels of Mn and Ni.Conclusions 1.For AML patients,levels of several trace elements in serum and urine as well as the correlation between them significantly changed,indicating that these trace elements may be associated with the development and progression of AML.2.For AML patients,activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in serum which represented for antioxidant capacity of the body significantly decreased,suggesting that AML patients' antioxidant capacities weakened,making them susceptible to oxidative damages.3.Levels of such trace elements as Ni,Hg and Cu were highly correlated with catalase activities;levels of such trace elements as Cu,Se and Mn were highly correlated with glutathione peroxidase;and levels of such trace elements as Mn and Ni were highly correlated with total superoxide dismutase.The above-mentioned trace elements may participate in oxidation and antioxidation equilibrium via corresponding antioxidant enzymes in AML patients. |
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