A Study On The Effect Of Fermented Jiugu Product On Neuronal Differentiation

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a degenerative neurological disease with complex etiology and gradual deterioration with age.In recent years,its incidence has gradually increased.Clinically,AD is mainly characterized by impaired memory,speech impairments,cognitive deficits,executive functional deficits,and personality and behavioral changes.It poses a serious burden on the patients and their family.However,few methods have been found that can be used to treat the problems.Studies have shown that a significant feature of AD is the presence of a large number of dysfunctional or apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus of patients with cognitive and memory impairments.Aging,oxidative stress,genetic factors,trauma and environmental factors and many others were shown to have effects on the survival and function of neurons in the hippocampus,but we still know little about the specific mechanisms that cause AD.Recent studies have shown that neural stem cells also exist in the central nervous system.Therefore,the promotion of differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons to regenerate central nerve cells can enhance central nervous function,prevent neurodegenerative diseases,and promote the recovery of damaged nerves.In this study,we tested the effect of a mixed fermented juice(JGJZ)on the Neuro-2a cells and NPC in vitro.The results showed that JGJZ could induce Neuro-2a cells,adult rat neuro precursor cells(NPCs)and rat neuro stem cells(NSCs)to differentiate into neuron-like cells.Further analyses showed that the effects of JGJZ on neuronal differentiation and neurite out-growth were specifically dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs)and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3kAKT)signaling pathways.Moreover,feeding the mouse with JGJZ promoted the differentiation of newborn progenitor cells into mature neurons(Brd U/NeuN double positive)in the adult hippocampal dentate(DG)and JGJZ does not significantly alter the number of BrdU and GFAP double-positive cells in the DG.Collectively,this study identifies a naturally occurring zymolytic grain-based extract with beneficial effects on neuronal differentiation and neurite out-growth in vitro and in vivo.