| Objective: To investigate the impairment about cognitive function and social function in different clinical stages of bipolar disorder.Methods: A total of 225 patients with bipolar disorder were enrolled in this study [65 patients in stage?(first episode of depression or manic),80 patients in stage?(first diagnosis of bipolar disorder),80 patients in stage ?(Refractory bipolar disorder)and 75 cases of normal control group.Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs and Digital Span Test were adopted to assess different areas of cognitive function in patients with Bipolar Disorder and normal control group.Using the Personal Social Performance scale(PSP)to assess the social function of patients with Bipolar Disorder,then compare the cognitive function and social function in different clinical stages of bipolar disorder.Result:1.In Wisconsin Card Sorting Test resultsThe number of total responses,number of completed categories,number of error responses,percentage of correct responses,number of responses required to complete the first category,percentage level of conceptualization,the number of persistent response and non-persistent errors were statistically significant(F=18.39,P=0.00;F=24.81,P=0.00;F=32.38,P=0.00;F=32.88,P=0.00;F=32.85,P=0.00;F=6.60,P=0.00;F=27.30,P=0.00;F=33.48,P=0.00)between bipolar group and normal control group.When compared with each other,the number of response in the normal group was lower than that in the group of phase ? and ? of bipolar disorder(Both P=0.00),and the number of response in the group of phase ? was lower than that of the group of phase ?(P=0.00).In the completion of the classification number,the normal group is greater than the group of stage ? and ?(Both P=0.00),the completion of the classification of stage ? group is greater than the stage ? group(P=0.00),stage ? group than the stage ? group(P=0.02).In the number of false positives,the normal group was smaller than those of the groups of stage?,? and?(All P=0.00),while the stage? group was smaller than the stage ? group(P =0.00).In the percentage of correct response,the normal group was larger than those of the groups of stage ?,? and ?(All P=0.00),while the stage ? group was largerthan the stage ? group(P = 0.00).In the level of conceptualization,the normal group was larger than the groups of stage ?,? and ?(All P=0.00),the stage ? group was larger than the stage ? group(P=0.00).Among the number of responses required to complete the first classification,the normal group was smaller than the stage ? group(P = 0.00).The number of persistent response was lower in the normal group than in the groups of stage ?,? and ?(All P=0.00),the stage ?group was less than the groups of stage ? and ?(P=0.03;P=0.00).Among the non-persistent errors,the normal group was smaller than the groups of stage ?,?and ?(All P=0.00),the stage ? group was less than the stage ? group(P=0.00),the stage ? group was less than the stage ? group(P = 0.02).2.There was significant difference in the scores of 2 digit,3 digit and 4 digit between the bipolar disorder group and the normal control group in the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs(F=37.20,P=0.00;F=43.16,P=0.00;F=36.10,P=0.00).Bipolar disorder pairs of contrast between the various groups,regardless of2-digit,3-digit or 4-digit scores,were the stage ? group score was greater than the stage ? group(P=0.00;P=0.00;P=0.03),stage ? group score greater than stage ?group(P=0.00;P=0.01;P=0.03).3.In the digit span test,there was statistically significant difference between the bipolar disorder group and the normal control group in digit span forward,digit span backward and sum(F=14.52,P=0.00;F=29.00,P=0.00;F=33.00,P=0.00).Bipolar disorder pairs of contrast between the various groups,in the digit span forward,the score of bipolar disorder stage? group was larger than that of the stage ? group(P =0.01);in the digit span backward,the score of bipolar disorder stage ? group was larger than that of the stage ? group(P = 0.00),stage ? group was larger than the stage ? group(P = 0.00).In the sum of the numbers,the scores of stage ? were higher than those of stage ?(P=0.00),and the scores of stage ? were higher than those of stage ?(P = 0.03).4.In the assessment results of Personal Social Performance scale,PSP score of each group of bipolar disorder had statistical significance(F=27.00,P=0.00).Compared with various groups,the score of PSP in stage?group was higher than thatof stage ?(P=0.00),stage ?was larger than stage ?(P=0.00),stage ? was larger than stage ?(P=0.03),that is,stage ?> stage ?> stage ?(F = 27.00,P = 0.00).Conclusion: There are some obvious defects in cognitive function and social function of patients with bipolar disorder.As the clinical stage progresses,their cognitive function impairment(especially in executive function,sustained attention and memory)and social function will be more serious.The clinical stage of bipolar disorder is useful to understand the progress of cognitive function and social dysfunction belong to bipolar disorder and is effective to understand the occurrence and development of bipolar disorder. |
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