The Effects Of Attention Resources On The Self-Reference Processing Of Cognitive Vulnerability Of Depression Individuals:Evidence From ERPs

Cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals have greater risk of depression in the face of stressful events.Previous studies found that cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals had the same negative attention bias as those with depression.However,there was also a self attention enhancement similar to that of depression individuals.In addition,some studies have pointed out that negative bias is influenced by the attention resource,whether self reference processing of vulnerability of depression individuals is also affected by the attention resource.In this study,event related potentials(ERP)technology was used to investigate self reference processing characteristics of vulnerability of depression individuals and their differences in self reference processing and their neural mechanism with different self related names as stimuli.To further reveal the cognitive processing characteristics of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals,and to explore the intrinsic relationship between the self and attention.There were three experiments in this study:Experiment 1 revealed the self reference processing of cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals,and used oddball paradigm to explore self reference processing and neural mechanism of cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals.The event related potentials(ERPs)processing of individual were recorded when individuals made response to four different types of self related names;Experiment 2 investigated the self reference Processing of cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals in different attention resource conditions,and we used the cue-target paradigm,through changing attention resource level by transforming the focus of attention,to explore the self related name processing and its neural mechanism of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individuals under the condition of attention resources "the relatively abundant-relatively scarce;Experiment 3 used rapid serial visual presentation(RSVP)paradigm,through the T1-T2 time delay to the manipulation of attention resource,to explore the cognitive depression susceptible cognitive processing characteristics and neural mechanism of individual self reference processing.In experiment 1 we found that:(1)for the reaction time,the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was significantly slower than those of the normal individuals(2)for the latency of P2 and N2,the attention to self-relevant names of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was earlier than that of the normal individuals.(3)for the amplitude of P2 and P3,the amplitude induced by the susceptible individuals was significantly smaller than that of the normal individuals.(4)for the P3 averaged amplitudes,the normal individual appeared the degree of self-reference processing effect,Highly self-relevant names elicited P3 amplitude were significantly greater than for the moderately self-relevant,and for the moderately self-relevant evoked P3 amplitudes were significantly greater than non-self-relevant name;however,for the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual,Highly self-relevant names elicited larger P3 averaged amplitudes significantly greater than the low and non-relevant name.In experiment 2 we found that:(1)for the reaction time,the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was significantly slower than those of the normal individuals.(2)for the latency of P2 and N2,the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual are significantly later than those of normal individuals.Highly self-relevant name are significantly later than the moderately name and non-relevant name.In addition,the latency of P2 induced by effective clues was significantly earlier than that of ineffective clues.(3)for the peak of P2 and N2,there was no significant difference between the nornal individuals and the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual.In addition,the peak of P2 induced by Highly self-relevant name was significantly greater than that of the moderately self-relevant name and non-relevant name.(4)for the P3 averaged amplitudes,when it was the effective clue,the P3 amplitude induced by Highly self-relevant name in normal individuals was significantly greater than that of the moderately self?relevant name and non-relevant name.The amplitude of P3 induced by Highly self-relevalt name in cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was significantly greater than that of non-relevant name.In experiment 3 we found that:(1)for the accuracy,the moderatelyand non-relevant name under the condition of lag2 were significantly lower than those under the condition of lag8.There was no significant difference in the highly self-related name.(2)for the P2 and P3 amplitudes,the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual were significantly smaller than those in the normal individuals.In addition,the peak of P2 induced by highly self-related name was significantly greater than that of the moderately self-relevant name and non-relevant name(3).For the N2 amplitude,the condition of lag2 was significantly greater than lag8(4)for the P3 amplitude,the condition of lag2 was significantly greater than lag8.In addition,there was an interaction in ERP wave forms in the P3component among the self reference type,delay type and type of subjects,and the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual in the condition of lag2 and lag8 under highly self-related name induced P3 amplitude were significantly higher than that of the moderately self-relevant name and non-relevant name,and there was no significant difference between the moderately self-relevant name and non-relevant name induced P3 amplitude.While normal individuals in the condition of lag2 highly self-relevant name evoked P3 amplitude were significantly greater than the moderately self-relevant name,and the moderately self-relevant name evoked P3 amplitude were significantly greater than the non-relevant name;in the condition of lag8,the highly self-relevant name evoked P3 amplitude were significantly greater than the moderately and non-relevant self-relevant name.In conclusion:(1)Compared to normal individuals,the degree of self-reference processing effect disappeared for the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual disappeared,which may be due to the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual appeared smaller self-concept structure.(2)In addition,the self reference processing of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual was influenced by the attention resource.The processing advantage of self-related names was restricted by the condition of attention resource.There was difficulty in attention transfer of the cognitive vulnerability of depression individual,and the advantage of self reference processing disappeared in the change of attention focus.(3)Under the condition of less attention resources,the delay type had effect on self reference processing of tihe cognitive vulnerability of depression individual,and there was a stable self reference effect,which focused on self-relevant information.(4)The highly self relevant names was not or less affected by the attention blink effect,while the moderately and non self-relevant names was affected by the attention blink effect.