Analysis Of Casualties In Ground Confined Space For Military Operations Based On Weapon Bio-effect Evaluation Experiments

Objective:Ground confined space for military operations play an important role in modern conflicts.The analysis of casualties in this space is critical for health service works,including casualties estimation and materials preparation.Due to lack of data,researches about this analysis is rare.As the most war realistic-like methods,weapon bio-effect evaluation experiments can provide new ways for some health service researches.Methods:Varied of ground confined space for military operations are divided into two groups,including non-disruption and disruption.All animals are divided into three groups,including died immediately,injured but not died immediately and non-injured.And the relationship between animal survival situation and varied of objectives or damage statues of objectives.The injury severity and mechanism of injuries of animals in ground firm works are analyzed by NISS(new Injury Severity Score)and blast injury criteria.And injury locations,injury organs and injury types of animals in ground firm works are analyzed.The insidiousness of injury of some animals are evaluated by experts panel.Supposing injured animals as combat soldiers,self-aid and buddy-aid of injured animals and survival potentials of died immediately animals are analyzed.Results:The statics results of casualties percentages of animals in different damage statues objectives are 0 in tank-non disruption,100%in tank-disruption,0 in panzer-non disruption,100%in panzer-disruption,34.88%in ground firm works-non disruption,79.66%in ground firm works-disruption.The distributions of survival statues of animals in tank and panzer are similar,but they are different with it in ground firm works.The average NISS of casualties in ground firm works is 31.40±25.42.And statistical difference between NISS of animals in works-non disruption and works-disruption is significant(Z=-2.568,P<0.05).All injuries of animals are result from blast and 68.75%of them occurred primary blast injury,63.13%of them occurred secondary blast injury,9.38%of them occurred tertiary blast injury,10.91%of them occurred quaternary blast injury and 41.88%of them occurred two types or more than two blast injuries simultaneously.There are 32 closed brain injuries,50 closed thoracic injuries,20 abdominal injuries,1 open brain injury,5 open thoracic injuries and 8 open abdominal injuries in 91 injured animals in ground firm works.And there are 63 face sensory organs,55 thoracic organs and 27 abdominal organs,and the injury types of them are meninges hyperemia,cerebral hemorrhage,bullae,pneumorrhagia,gastrorrhagia,gastric perforation and other injury types,40 animals might have significant clinical symptoms in 50 injured animals without surface injuries.Hemostasis with pressure dressing and special locations dressing(eye,brain and abdomen)are the highest frequencies technologies in self-aid and buddy-aid.And there are 51 animals injured badly and survival potentials of them is rare in 69 died immediately animals in ground firm works.Conclusion:Because there is significant difference between the distribution of survival statues in tank,panzer and ground firm work,the model of casualties estimation should adjust with change of confined space for military operations types.The efficacy of evaluations of eye and ear by whole injuries severity evaluation ways is low and new methods according to combat abilities loss are requested.The frequency of primary blast injury is the highest type in ground firm work,and there are many ear and lung injuries.So medical staffs should take more chest surgery and respiration clinical skills exercise,and medical facilities should prepare more supported furnishings.Conventional self-aid and buddy-aid technologies and present furnishings can basically meet with the need of cures of casualties in ground firm works.And the advice of change nsopharyngeal airway from mesopharynx airway and augmentation of eye shield has been put on.Besides it,wearing goggles is encouraged to combatants in observation and firing posts.Most of died immediately casualties injury badly and survival potential is rare.And the key of curing of potentially survival injuries is effectively use of medical materials.