The Relationship Between Cigarette And Heroin From The Perspective Of Heroin Smokers

There is no doubt that drugs are harmful to the addicts themselves and society.Heroin,as the main addictive substance used by current drug abusers,its high relapse rate remain an huge barrier to addiction therapy.The cigarettes is one of the most widely used legal drugs.In recent years,the high smoking rates of drug abusers,which is three to four times that of normal people,have come to the attention.Existing studies have shown that cigarette is closely related to the occurrence and development of drug dependence.The condition model of addiction indicated that other cues used in combination with addictive substances would induce cravings for addictive substances,clues would directly stimulate the continued using of drugs,and increase the likelihood of relapse after withdrawal.Heroin addicts often use drugs accompanied by cigarette,because the later reward the heroin addicts.So,for heroin smokers,is there a conditional link between cigarettes and heroin? Are there any different attention bias towards drug and cigarette related clues? This study would explore the relationship between cigarettes and heroin through questionnaires and behavioral experimental methods.The first study was based on 219 heroin addicts whose ages is between 23 to 62.We adopt the questionnaire to survey the smoking status of heroin addicts and addiction severity.The survey found that heroin addicts had a 100% smoking rate and a high proportion of serious nicotine addiction.The second study,a total of 36 male heroin smokers aged between 25 to 50 were selected as subjects,used the modified Emotional Stroop task to measure the subjects' attention bias to heroin pictures,cigarettes pictures,or neutral images.The results shower that the difference between image types was not significant in accuracy,however,in response time,there was a significant effect of image type,with performance being slower in the cigarettes pictures and heroin pictures than in the neutral images condition,the cigarette picture was slower than heroin pictures.The third study,include 37 male heroin smokers between 30-62 years old,adopted Cross-primed Stroop task to measure the heroin smokers' implicit cognitive coupling effect of cigarettes and heroin.The results illustrated that there was a main effect of word type.Under heroin-word terms,heroin priming and cigarette priming were slower than neutral priming,both in consistent or inconsistent addictive substance conditions.In contrast,under cigarette-word terms,heroin priming and cigarette priming were faster than neutral priming,both in consistent or inconsistent addictive substance conditions.In summary,these studies draw the following conclusions:Firstly,heroin withdrawal have high smoking rate and serious nicotine addiction,so attention should be paid to the severity of nicotine addiction in the heroin withdrawal intervention.Secondly,heroin smokers have significant attention bias to drug-and cigarette-related clues,and the later is greater than former.It warns that in heroin withdrawal,not only for drugs,but also cigarettes,all need to be intervented.Last but not least,there is no cognitive link between heroin and cigarettes,but there may be a one-way mismatch relationship between cigarettes and heroin.