Study On The Relationship Between The Nasal Morphology And Craniofacial Structures Among Adults In Luzhou Area

Objective: The aim of this study was to research the correlations between adult nasal morphology and the sexual distinction,sagittal skeletal type,and vertical skeletal pattern,and further analyze the difference of nasal morphological index in different genders,sagittal skeletal types and different vertical skeletal types,to investigate correlations between nasal morphological indexes and craniofacial structure,as well as the correlations between the indexes of nasal morphology,so as to provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of orthodontics.Methods : 240 patients(120 male and 120 female,with an average age of 22.6±2.35years)treated in the Department of Orthodontics,the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University during 2014-2016 were selected for cephalometric analysis,the gained data were statistically analyzed with SPSS17.0 software.And the three factor analysis of variance was used to compare the relativity between gender,sagittal skeletal pattern,vertical skeletal pattern and nasal morphology;T-test were used for analysing the differences of nasal parameters related to gender;SNK-q test method was used to compare the difference of the nasal morphological indexes related to bone surface types in different sagittal patterns and different vertical patterns;And Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between nasal morphological index and craniofacial structure,as well as the correlation between nasal morphological indexes.Results:1,The results of the 3-factor ANOVA showd: sex was significant factor in certain nasal parameters such as nasal length,nasal tip height,alar height,hump,soft-tissue facial convexity(SFC),columella convexity,nasal bone length(P<0.05).The sagittal skeletal features significantly influences four nasal parameters included hump,nasolabial angle(NLA),nasomental angle(NMA),soft-tissue facial convexity(P<0.05).The vertical skeletal features were found to be significant for nasal-bone length,soft-tissue facial convexity(P<0.05).2,The 7 indexes of nasal length,nasal tip height,a lar height,hump,soft-tissue facial convexity,columella convexity and nasal bone length in males were larger than females(P<0.05).3,Among indexes of sagittal bone,nasolabial angle in II skeletal class was lager than that in I and III skeletal Class(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between Class I and Class III(P>0.05).Naso mental angle increased in class II,class I,class III bone type(P<0.05),while soft tissue facial convexity decreased in Class II,class I,class III bone type(P<0.05).The hump had no significant difference in all sagittal skeletal features(P > 0.05).4,Among vertical bone pattern related indexes,as the vertical skeletal features change from low angle to optimum angle,then to high angle,nasomental angle decreased(P<0.05),but the nasal-bone length increased(P<0.05).The high angle groups had greater soft tissue facial convexity than low angle(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between low angle and optimum angle,as well as optimum angle and high angle(P>0.05).5,The Pearson correlation analysis showed that there had significant correlations between the skeletal and nasal parameters,and most correlations coefficient(r)were moderate to low.6,The results also showed correlations among the nasal parameters,and most correlations coefficient(r)were moderate to low.Conclusion:1,There were differences in nasal morphology between different genders,nasal size and nasal protrusion of male were greater than those of female,among male face types,1/3 soft tissue protrusion was larger than that of female.It is suggested that the gender differences should be considered in orthodontic treatment design.For borderline cases,if male patients with good nasal morphology,non extraction treatment could get a satisfactory therapeutic effect;2,There was no significant difference in the size of the nose in different sagittal patterns,however,there were significant differences between the three types of facial bones in terms of the relationship between nasal morphology and facial structure: nasolabial angle was more larger in class II pattern compared to I,III class,and in II,I,III types of bone patterns,naso mental angle increased,and soft tissue facial convexity decreased sequentially.It suggested that the soft tissue profile reflected the skeletal contour to a certain extent;3,There was significant correlation between different vertical patterns and soft-tissue facial convexity and nasal bone length,soft-tissue facial convexity was larger in high angle than that in low angle,while nasal bone length sequentially increased with low angle,optimum angle and high angle changes.It meant that the orthodontic treatment could improve the soft tissue profile by controlling the rotation of mandible.4,Nasal length,prominence,and form are associated with height,length and anteroposterior/vertical position of the maxilla and mandible.5,There were correlations between all nasal parameters.Any change of morphological indexes might lead to the change of nasal morphology,Orthodontic and orthognathic treatment needed to consider the influence on nasal morphology of patients,and avoid the adverse effects of treatment on soft tissue profile.6,The results of this study were only applicable to the Han nationality in Luzhou area.The relationship between the nose morphology and craniofacial structures in other different regions and nationalities were required to be further studied.