The Research Progress On PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treating Advanced Bladder Cancer

In recent years,the tumor immunotherapy has become a topic in the field of scientific research,which also provided a good break for the treatment of bladder cancer without significant breakthrough in recent decades.Immune checkpoint is an immunosuppressive pathway that maintains self tolerance and protects the surrounding tissues by regulating the immune response.PD-1(procedural death factor-1)/ PD-L1(procedural death ligand-1)signal path is one of the most thorough immune checkpoints for the present study.This signal path is highly specific and is widely distributed in various tumor cells.Multiple tumor cells including bladder cancer cell use this signal path to evade autoimmune detection to achieve immune escape.The study confirmed that the patients showed a good anti-tumor effect after drugs blocking the signal path.Five PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used in clinical treatment of advanced bladder cancer.Test data show that the drug efficacy is significant in a few patients,but there is no effect on most patients.Now we need an effective predictor to clear the advantage groups of this kind of medicine.Combined with clinical studies,a variety of different theories have been put forward by researchers,and further studies are needed to prove them.In order to apply immunotherapy to patients with the greatest benefit,the researchers also established a prognostic model for bladder cancer immunotherapy.