| Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia.In China,the incidence of diabetes remains high,and it has become one of the major diseases that seriously threaten s human health.Among them,type 2 diabetes accounted for more than 90% of patients with diabetes,and the risk factors for the onset of type 2 diabetes.Among these factors that cause diabetes,diet and exercise are controllable factors which get great attention.Musclin is a bioactive factor produced and secreted by skeletal muscles.The main component of high glucose and lipids in diabetics can increase the expression of musclin in C2C12 cells and lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress.And palmitic acid regulates the expression of musclin by affecting the UPR signaling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress.FoxO1 is an upstream transcription factor of musclin,which can bind to the promoter region of the musclin gene and affect the expression of musclin.Therefore,it is speculated that palmitic acid also can affect the expression of FoxO1 gene,and this effect is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress.In this experiment,C2C12 cells were used as experime ntal materials.When palmitic acid was added to treat the cells,the results showed that palmitic acid can down-regulate FoxO1 expression.In order to verify whether palmitic acid affects the expression of FoxO1 gene in relation to endoplasmic reticulum stress.In this study,endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid and promoter tunicamycin were used to interfere with endoplasmic reticulum stress,and it was determined whether ER Stress was involved in the regulation of FoxO1 gene expression by palmitic acid.Afterwards,the pathways of PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways of UPR response were inhibited by the corresponding pathway inhibitors,and the expression of FoxO1 was detected after palmitic acid treatment.The ATF6 knockout cell line was then used to test the expression of FoxO1.The results showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress was involved in the regulation of FoxO1 gene expression by palmitate,and pathway inhibitors were used to find that PERK and IRE1 signaling pathways are also involved in the regulation of FoxO1 gene expression by palmitic acid.The detection of ATF6 knockout cell line found that this pathway is not involved in the regulation of FoxO1 gene expression by palmitic acid. |
