| Chuanxiong Rhizoma is the dry rhizome of the Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.Chuanxiong Rhizoma was first recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic,listed as superior,with the effect of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dispelling wind and relieving pain,which is commonly used in clinical medicine.Chuanxiong Rhizoma is rich in phthalide,polysaccharide,volatile oil and so on.In the course of storage,it is easy to appear oil-spilling,moth,mildew and other deterioration phenomena,which seriously affect the efficacy and safety of clinical medicine.In this paper,the changes of appearance,chemical composition and pharmacodynamics of Chuanxiong Rhizoma under different storage conditions were studied,and the key factors affecting its quality were found to provide scientific basis for storage and maintenance of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.The contents of the study are as follows: 1 Collection of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and setting of different storageconditionsFrom April to May 2017,15 batches of samples were collected from the main production areas of Chuanxiong,such as Dongpo District of Meishan,Xie Jia Town of Pengshan and Aoping Town of Pengzhou.Each batch of samples was packed in polyethylene plastic bags and polypropylene woven bags,stored at different temperatures(normal temperature,15℃,5℃).Samples were sampled in 0months,January,February,March,April,May and June to observe the appearance of the samples,to determine the changes of chemical composition and pharmacodynamics of samples,and to study the quality changes and influencing factors during storage of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.In addition,7 batches of samples were treated with insecticidal treatment before storage,and then packed in polypropylene woven bags for storage at normal temperature,so as to study the main infection link of the moth of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.2 Study on the changes of appearance characters and influencing factors in the storage process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.The changes of appearance characters of Chuanxiong Rhizoma under different storage conditions were studied by using traditional eye view,hand touch,nose smell and modern spectrophotometry.The results showed that the storage temperature was the main factor affecting the appearance of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.At 5 ℃ or 15 ℃,there was no obvious moth or mildew in all the samples,and the appearance of the samples was basically unchanged.Under normal temperature,the packaging samples of polypropylene woven bags began to become worm-eaten at the beginning of storage in March.The quality of the moth-eaten sample became brittle,produced the wormhole and moth feces,aroma rich degree decreased significantly.Compared with the non-moth-eaten sample,the weight of the moth-eaten sample was significantly reduced,The weight drop rate was in the range of 29.74~46.72%,The length of the middle part was significantly decreased,and the decrease rate was in the range of10.31~30.11%.Some samples of polyethylene plastic bags were mouldy in March.The texture of the mouldy samples became softer,the color of the surface became deeper,the specific aroma disappeared,and the odor was produced,The color of the section of the sample was obviously deepened,the color was digitized,the L * value of brightness,mildew before scope is: 61.86 ~ 69.71,mildew after range is: 34.57 ~ 59.46,and b * value of red and green color,mildew before scope is: 21.37 ~ 29.39,mildew after range is: 33.12 ~ 47.68,which indicated that the color of section changed from yellowish white to dark brown after mildew.The insecticidal samples were treated with polypropylene woven bags,and the samples were worm-eaten at normal temperature,however,there was no moth in the uninsecticidal sample packed with polyethylene plastic bag at the same temperature.3 Study on water changes and influencing factors in the storageprocess of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.The water content of samples was determined by the fourth method in 0832 according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015.The results showed that the initial moisture content and packaging material were the main factors that affected the moisture change of Chuanxiong Rhizoma during storage.Polythene plastic bag packaging,the sample was in a sealed state,the water was basically unchanged during storage.Using polypropylene woven bag packaging,the sample was in a non-sealed state,moisture was affected by external humidity and its initial moisture.When the initial moisture content of the sample was lower than 9.63%,the water content increased gradually during the storage process,but the initial moisture content was higher than 12.80% and the water content decreased gradually.This also explained at normal temperature using polyethylene packaging mould samples under the condition of initial moisture content were higher than 12.80%,and the same samples of the same storage temperature,using polypropylene woven bag packaging sample not mildew.Therefore,Chuanxiong Rhizoma should control the initial moisture and store it in a dry and ventilated place.4 Study on chemical composition changes and influencing factors in the storage process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.4.1 Study on the change of polysaccharide content and its influencing factors in the storage process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.The variation of polysaccharide content of samples under different storage conditions was determined by uv spectrophotometry.The results showed that the content of polysaccharide in samples decreased.Storage temperature was the main factor affecting the change of polysaccharide content.The higher the temperature,the greater the decrease rate of polysaccharide content.5 ℃ condition,the polysaccharide content decline range was: 7.04 ~ 19.89%.Under 15℃ conditions,the reduction rate of polysaccharide content was: 10.53 ~ 29.58%.Under normal temperature,the reduction rate of polysaccharide content in the samples of unmoths and moldy samples was 24.25 ~ 36.86%.Moths or moldy samples,the decrease rate of polysaccharide was significantly decreased,and the content was significantly decreased.There was no change in the content of polysaccharides before borer or moldy,however,the reduction rate of the polysaccharide content after the worm was 32.16 ~ 55.21%,and the decrease rate of the polysaccharide content after mildew was 35.21 ~ 54.97%.4.2 Study on the change of total phenol content and its influencing factors in the storage process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.The change of total phenol content of samples under different storage conditions was determined by uv spectrophotometry.The content of total phenol in the samples showed a decreasing trend in each storage condition,and the mildew had a significant effect on the total phenol content.The decrease rate of total phenol content in unmilled samples was 2.59 ~ 15.45%,however,the decrease rate of total phenol content in mildew sample was 36.21 ~ 47.47%.The decrease rate of total phenol was accelerated and the content of total phenol was significantly decreased by mildew.4.3 Study on the changes of 10 kinds of effective substances and their influencing factors in the storage process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ligustrazine,chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid,phthalide(senkyunolide I,senkyunolide H,coniferly ferulate,senkyunolide A,n-butylphtalide,Z-ligustilide,n-butylidenephthalide)10 kinds of substances.In each storage condition,the content of ligustrazine,chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid,phthalide decreased.The storage temperature was the main factor that affected the change of the three contents,and the higher the temperature,the greater the decreasing rate of the content.Under the condition of 5 ℃,the decrease rate of the three contents were respectively in the range of 4.61 ~ 18.74%,4.22 ~ 15.64%,7.41 ~ 25.46%.At 15 ℃,the decrease rates of the three contents were in the range of 9.45~29.39%,9.15 ~ 29.98%,12.11 ~ 30.93%.,respectively.Under normal temperature,the decrease rates of the contents of unmoldy or worm-eaten samples were respectively in the range of 21.46~38.16%,20.42~41.52%,16.06~42.03%.The rate of the decrease of the content of worm-moth or mildew sample was significantly decreased,there was no significant change in the three contents before the moth or mildew,the decrease rate of the three contents after moldy or worm-eating was respectively in the range of 29.68~60.42%,30.74~62.67%,26.13~66.83%.4.4 Study on volatile component changes in Chuanxiong Rhizoma during storage.The volatile oil content of Ligusticum samples was determined by 2204 A method according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015.The results showed that the oil content of the samples decreased in each storage condition.The storage temperature and packaging materials were the main factors affecting the variation of volatile oil content.The higher the storage temperature,the greater the decrease rate of volatile oil.At the same temperature,the decrease rate of the sample of polypropylene woven packing sample was lower than that of polypropylene.At 5 ℃,15 ℃,under normal temperature,the decrease rate of polypropylene woven packaging samples was 11.29~ 28.90%,16.13~44.53%,49.46~66.67%,respectively,the decrease rate of volatile oil content of polyethylene plastic packaging samples was 7.53~ 13.28%,11.29~ 23.44%,23.53~ 35.48%.From 6 samples,75 kinds of volatile components were isolated,and 65 species were identified,mainly phthalide,terpene alcohol and fatty acid compound.During storage,the relative content of the main volatile components changed significantly,senkyunolideA,Z-ligustilide relative content reduced,and n-butylidenephthalide,n-butylphtalide,relative content increased,the other main volatile component relative content had no obvious change rule.Eight new compounds were detected after mildew,21 carbonene,Heneicoseneau,nonadecanolol,o-isopropyltoluene,o-Isopropenyltoluene,et al,and the relative content was less than 1%,and the volatile component types of other batches were basically unchanged.5 Study on the effect of blood coagulation function in rats during the storage of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.Using the automatic blood coagulation apparatus,the effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma on the blood coagulation of rats in vitro was studied by using the four factors(PT,APTT,TT and FIB)as the evaluation indexes.The study showed that the activity of anticoagulant decreased gradually with the prolonged storage time,the anticoagulant activity decreased significantly when moths or mildew occurred.Compared with the blank group,when the samples were not moldy or wormless,the PT,APTT,TT(P<0.01)could be significantly prolonged,with significant anticoagulant activity,as the storage time was prolonged,the anticoagulant activity gradually decreased,and still had strong anticoagulant activity.Compared with the unwormed or mildew samples stored for 2 months,the prolongation of the mothworm sample to PT,APTT and TT was significantly reduced with the extension of storage time,and the anticoagulant activity was significantly reduced,storage June,no anticoagulant activity,the anticoagulant activity of mildew samples decreased significantly with the prolongation of storage time,after storage for 6 months,although still had anticoagulant effect,but the anticoagulant activity decreased significantly.The correlation between anticoagulant activity and chemical composition content of Chuanxiong Rhizoma was analyzed by using partial least square(PLS).The results showed that the anticoagulant activity of Ligusticum was closely related to the contents of polysaccharides,phthalide and volatile oil,and the decrease of these three contents was the main reason for the decrease of anticoagulant activity of Chuanxiong Rhizoma during storage. |
