Study On The Quality Of Platycodonis Radix In Sichuan Province

Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum?Jacq.?A.DC.which is one of the 40 most popular traditional Chinese medicine and widely used in many ethnic minorities.Sichuan province is the real estate area,rich in Platycodonis Radix.In this paper,the quality of Platycodonis Radix were systematically investigated.Finally the quality status were clarified and the influencing factors related to quality were explored.The results are as follows:1 On the base of market research,the origin research of the main producing areas were studied in detail,to clarify the cultivation,processing,production and sales in the main producing areas in Sichuan Province.The results showed that the main producing areas are Zhitong,Zhongjiang and so on.There are three kinds of cultivated years:annual,biennial and three-year,and most of them are biennial.There are two kinds of processed methods:peeled and unpeeled,and most of them are unpeeled.The annual output is high.Most of them were used in Sichuan and the others were sold to medicine markets in China.2 A systematic morphological organization was conducted and the differences about the original plant,the medicinal materials and microscopic of samples of different cultivated years were compared,which provided a reference for the quality.2.1 The original plant characteristics are mainly identified from the height,branches,the traits of the leaves and the roots.2.2 The medicinal materials characteristics are mainly identified from the size,the surface characteristics,texture and the cross-section.2.3 The microscopic characteristics are mainly identified from the proportions of phloem and xylem,fissures and the catheters.3 The method of TLC identification of Platycodonis Radix was optimized.And the samples from different areas,different cultivated years and different processed methods were contrastively studied,which provided a reference for the chemical components analysis.3.1 The TLC identification method was established by optimizing the related conditions such as extraction method,solvent,the extraction time,deployment system,sample size and distance,as well as the samples were tested.3.2 According to the TLC identification of the samples from different areas,different processed methods and different cultivated years,the areas,processed methods made a difference on the content of chemical composition and the differences of samples of different cultivated years could not be identified.4 The HPLC fingerprint of Platycodonis Radix was established and the samples of different cultivated years and different processed methods were contrastively studied,which provided a reference for the chemical components analysis.4.1 By analyzing the 44 samples from Sichuan,the HPLC fingerprint was established and 20common peaks were determined.The peak of No.13 was Platycodin D.4.2 By analyzing the HPLC characteristic spectrum of samples of different cultivated years,the result showed that there were significant differences of peaks between the annual samples and the other samples,the biennial samples and three-year samples just had small differences.It showed that the difference between the annual samples and the other samples were big and the difference between the biennial samples and three-year samples was small.4.3 By analyzing the HPLC characteristic spectrum of samples of different processed methods,the result showed that there were significant differences of peaks between peeled samples and unpeeled samples,so it showed that the difference between the peeled samples and unpeeled samples were big.5 Based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?,the moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash,heavy metals and harmful elements and pesticide residue were determined.The content of moisture were in compliance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?;The total ash conformed to the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?except 3 samples.In three determined samples,there were two samples exceeded the standards in Cd,and the rest of the samples met the relevant limits.The BHC,DDT and PCNB residues had not been detected in all test samples.6 Based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?,the content of extract of Platycodonis Radix was determined and the content of samples of different areas,different cultivated years and different processed methods was contrastively analyzed.The result showed that,the content of extract met the Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?except 3 samples.The content of extract of samples from Zhi Tong was higher in different areas,the content of extract of biennial samples was higher in different cultivated years,the content of extract of unpeeled samples was higher in different processed methods.7 The content of total saponins and Platycodin D in Platycodonis Radix were determined and the content of samples of different areas,different cultivated years and different processed methods was contrastively analyzed,which provided a reference for assessing the quality and regulating the processing.7.1 The content of total saponins was 1.36%⁵.26%and the average value was 2.53%,the content of Platycodon D was 0.08%⁰.47%and the average value was 0.25%,,the content of Platycodon D accorded with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia?2015 edition?except 1 sample.7.2 The content of total saponins from Xiang Shui,Lan He and Cheng Bei was higher,the content of Platycodin D from Shi Quan,Jiu Bai and Wu Yi was higher in different areas.The content of total saponins in biennial samples was higher and the content of Platycodin D in three-year Samples was higher in different cultivated years.The content of total saponins and Platycodin D in unpeeled samples were higher than those in peeled samples.8 The comprehensive weighted scoring method was used to analyze and evaluate the data of the three influencing factors of extract,total saponins and platycodin D,which provided a reference for the quality research.The result showed that the scores of biennial and three-year unpeeled samples were higher.Additionally,two northeastern samples were ranked 31 and 35 respectively.9 Antitussive and anti-inflammatory were selected as pharmacodynamic indicators,and studies of Platycodonis Radix of different cultivated years and different processed methods were contrastively made,which provided the foundation for the safe and effective clinical application.9.1 The effect of antitussive was compared through the test of cough induced by SO₂ and ammonia in mouse.The result showed that the effect of biennial samples and three-year samples were better in different cultivated years,the unpeeled samples were better in different processed methods.9.2 The effect of anti-inflammatory was compared through the test of ear swelling induced by xylene and the palm swelling induced by methanol.The result showed that the effect of biennial samples and three-year samples were better in different cultivated years,and the unpeeled samples were better in different processed methods.9.3 The samples from northeastern also had significant antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects,but weaker than the samples from Sichuan.