| Diabetes mellitus is a group of clinical syndromes with a combination of genetic and environmental factors,which characterized by glucose metabolism disorders.The cause of the disease is complex.Humans have not yet fully understood the course of diabetes.Although the current treatment of diabetes is increasing,it still has certain limitations.The quality of life and life expectancy of diabetic patients still face serious threats.In recent years,the development of micro-ecological technology has made people more in-depth research on gut microbiota,suggesting that gut microbiota will be a new target for the treatment of diabetes.The balance state of the intestinal microflora is closely related to human health.The disorder of intestinal flora structure not only produces a variety of gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea,constipation,and enteritis,but also induces chronic metabolism and immune system diseases such as obesity,cerebral cardiovascular disease,and diabetes.Therefore,from the perspective of maintaining intestinal flora balance,increasing the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine,reducing harmful bacteria,dietary intervention and prebiotics,probiotic treatment methods become new strategies for the treatment of diabetes.For diabetics,it is important to effectively control the intake of sugar.Inulin as a natural soluble dietary fiber,its structural characteristics determine that it is not substantially decomposed and absorbed through the oral cavity and small intestine of the human body,and thus can be used as an ideal food for diabetics.Inulin is known as fructan compounds and it found in fruits and vegetable.The most common source are wheat,onions,bananas,asparagus,chicory,garlic,and leeks.Currently,the raw material resource of inulin produced by industry is mainly from chicory and Jerusalem artichoke.The inulin,with variety of effects,has been identified as a good ingredient from natural source in EU.The activity of inulin as a prebiotic has been widely confirmed–it can increase the number of probiotics such as bifid bacteria and lactobacillus in the intestine.It can also be used as a food additive to improve food properties and taste.Moreover,studies has confirmed that inulin can act as a hypoglycemic and lipid lowering agent for the human body,preventing cancer,regulating intestinal flora balance,promoting absorption of minerals and vitamins,and relieving constipation.At present,although the literature has studied the biological activity of inulin in the hypoglycemic effect,there is no consistent correlation report on the mechanism of inulin hypoglycemic effect.Because of this,this dissertation intends to study inulin as a research object from two aspects of safety and efficacy,and introduce the“physiological organ”of the intestinal microbe into the study of diabetes in order to clarify the inulin Safety and mechanism of regulating diabetes and blood glucose and intestinal flora provide certain theoretical references and research ideas for the treatment of diabetes.1.Study on qualification control of inulin.In order to comprehensively monitor the quality of inulin,a series of fast and efficient testing methods have been established in this chapter to examine the quality of three different sources of inulin.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry?ICP-MS?was used to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in copper,arsenic,cadmium,mercury,and lead in inulin.The content of heavy metals in inulin from three different sources did not exceed the national standard.Simultaneously detected 14 kinds of illegally added hypoglycemic agents such as nateglinide and metformin in inulin by high performance liquid chromatography?HPLC-MS/MS?.The results showed that there were no obvious response ion peaks in three different sources of inulin.14 kinds of commonly used hypoglycemic drugs were not detected;the content of inulin-1 was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,the inulin content in inulin was 69.52%,the inulin in inulin-2 was 95.80%,inulin-3 inulin content accounted for 89.32%;the establishment of high performance gel filtration chromatography?HPGFC?method for the determination of inulin molecular weight,the results showed that the molecular weight of inulin-1 is 2890;inulin-2 is 3657;inulin-3 is 5288,all Fructooligosaccharides.2.Effect of Inulin on Glucose Metabolism in RatsFrom the perspective of the safety of inulin,the effects of inulin on blood glucose,food intake,and glucose tolerance of normal rats were observed and the safety of use was discussed.The method used was to randomly divide 32 adult male Wistar rats into the normal control group,the low-dose inulin group?0.5 g×kg-1?,the middle-dose group?1 g×kg-1?and the high-dose group?2 g×kg-1?.Each group was intragastrically instilled with the corresponding blank solvent and inulin solution once daily for 4 weeks.Through the determination of blood glucose and other indicators in rats,evaluate the effect of different doses of inulin on blood glucose in normal rats.The results showed that compared with the normal control group,the three inulin dose groups had no significant effect on blood glucose in rats?p>0.05?,and the medium and high doses of inulin could significantly reduce the weight gain of rats and reduce food intake?p<0.05?.In the oral glucose tolerance test,inulin also had no significant effect on blood glucose changes in normal rats?p>0.05?,but long-term inulin could increase insulin sensitivity?p<0.05?.Therefore,inulin has no significant effect on blood glucose levels in normal rats,but it may serve as a food substitute to reduce the food intake and slow weight gain in rats.3.Study on the effect of inulin hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats and its regulation mechanism on intestinal floraFrom the perspective of inulin hypoglycemic effect,the hypoglycemic effect of inulin on diabetic rats was observed and the therapeutic effect and mechanism of inulin on diabetes were discussed.First,a large-dose of Streptozotocin?STZ?50 mg×kg-1?i.v.?was performed to establish a diabetic rat model.Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,inulin-administered group(1 g×kg-1),and positive control group.(200 mg×kg-1)and model control group(2 g×kg-1),each group was intragastrically administrated with the corresponding drug and blank solvent once a day for 4 weeks.Through the determination of fasting blood glucose,body weight and insulin in rats,the therapeutic effect of inulin on diabetic rats was evaluated;fecal samples were collected;the interaction between inulin and intestinal microflora was studied by met genomics and microbial molecular ecology methods.In order to target,the differences between the disease state of the rats and the intestinal microflora in the in vivo after intervention of inulin were investigated.The results showed that after administration,the fasting blood glucose level of the model group was basically stable at a relatively high level,the inulin group and the metformin group were significantly lower than the model group at 4 weeks?p<0.05?;after the model was established,the diabetic model rats All the weight loss of the model group continued to decrease,the metformin group slightly decreased,and the inulin group remained basically stable.Thus,we have concluded that inulin can reduce fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats,and the inulin effect is comparable to that of metformin,and it can also improve weight loss symptoms in diabetic rats and improve the quality of life of diabetic rats.In summary,inulin has a positive effect on the improvement of diabetes. |
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