Effects Of Environment On Yield Structure Panicle Traits And Quality Of Japonica Rice Varieties Bred In Different Regions

Because of its good quality and high commodity rate,japonica rice plays an important role in ensuring food security in China.There are a lot of varieties cultivated in northern japonica rice,but there is a lack of large varieties with large extension area and wide adaptability,which is directly related to the wide geographical distribution,large differences in climatic conditions and narrow ecological adaptability of varieties in northern japonica rice planting area.In this study,11 japonica rice varieties cultivated in different ecological areas of North China were planted in 12 experimental sites in Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia and Xinjiang,respectively,to investigate the performance of yield,yield structure,ear character and rice quality character of each variety in different experimental sites,and analyze the effect of environment(Including natural environment and man-made environment)on the growth of different ecological areas The effects of yield and yield structure,ear characters and rice quality characters of Japonica rice varieties were studied,and the relationship between yield characters and rice quality characters in different regions was studied,which provided scientific basis for different ecological regions to optimize cultivation measures according to different characteristics of different varieties,give full play to the yield and rice quality advantages of varieties cultivated in different ecological regions,and improve the ecological adaptability of varieties.The results are as follows:1.The environment has a significant effect on the yield and yield structure of Japonica Rice Varieties Bred in different ecological regions of North China.Regardless of the differences among varieties,the yield is the highest in Xinjiang and the lowest in Ningxia.The highest number of effective panicles was in Gongzhuling of Xinjiang and Jilin,and the lowest in Ningxia and Sujiatun of Liaoning.The highest number of grains per ear was in Tonghua and Inner Mongolia of Jilin Province,and the lowest number of grains per ear was in Ningxia.The highest seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight were found in Ningxia,the lowest in Tonghua,Liaoning Haicheng and Inner Mongolia,and the lowest in Haicheng,Liaoning.2.The environment had a significant effect on the ear characters of Japonica Rice Varieties Bred in different regions.The maximum value of ear length appeared in Tonghua,Jilin,and the minimum value appeared in Ningxia.The maximum values of the first branch and the second branch are in Ningxia,the maximum value of the first branch is in Ningxia,and the maximum value of the second branch is in Tieling,Liaoning.The maximum number of primary branches and stems appeared in Xinjiang and the minimum in Ningxia.The maximum number of secondary branches appeared in Tonghua,Jilin,and the minimum in Ningxia.3.The environment has a significant effect on the rice quality of the japonica rice varieties bred in different regions.The brown rice rate was the lowest in Haicheng and Shenyang,followed by Tonghua and Inner Mongolia.The test point with the lowest milled rice rate appeared in Haicheng,Liaoning Province,and the point with the lowest milled rice rate appeared in Tieling,Liaoning Province.The test sites with the lowest chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree appeared in Gongzhuling and Songyuan of Jilin Province,and the highest chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree appeared in Ningxia.The highest protein content was found in Haicheng,Liaoning Province,followed by Shenyang and Gongzhuling,Jilin Province.The maximum content of amylose appeared in Tieling of Liaoning Province and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province.The lowest water content of rice was Tieling and Gongzhuling.Jilin Songyuan and Liaoning Kaiyuan have the highest cooking value.4.The growth and development characteristics of Japonica Rice Varieties Bred in different areas were further analyzed.It was found that there was no significant difference in leaf growth speed,tillering ability and spikelet number per spike among the varieties.The tillering ability of Japanese cultivar Qiu Guang is the strongest,Xinjiang cultivar xinnongjingyi 4 is the weakest,Yanjing 283 has the most spikelets and Qiu Guang has the least spikelets.There were significant differences in leaf area index and dry matter accumulation among varieties at different growth stages.It is because of the significant differences in the growth and development of different varieties,and the different response degree to the ecological environment and human environment that the yield and quality of rice in different ecological areas change significantly.In the future,breeding materials should be widely tested for many years,so as to make clear the ecological adaptability of the varieties,give full play to the potential of increasing production of the varieties,and according to the growth and development characteristics of the varieties,formulate the optimal cultivation measures in different ecological areas to achieve the goal of high quality,high yield,wide adaptability and high efficiency.