Genome-wide Identification,Phylogeny And Expressional Profiles Of Resistance(R)-gene Family In Wild Emmer Wheat(Triticum Dicoccoides L.)

Wild emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccoides L.)is widely distributed over the world,especially in the areas with different climates and geographical conditions,so its excellent capacity of stress resistance and adaptability as well as genetic diversity will provide key information for improving the disease resistance and stress resistance of wheat.Resistance gene(R gene)is a kind of disease resistance gene widely existing in plants.Since it can induce plants response to pathogen stress,it is of extremely importance in stress response of wild emmer.Research on the resistance gene(R gene)of wild emmer wheat can definitely provide essential clues and ideas for improving the resistance ability of cultivated wheat.Based on public genome of wild emmer in the ensemble database,this study identified the members of R gene family in wild emmer and further analyzed these candidate genes.The main research contents included physical and chemical properties analysis,phylogenetic tree construction,and the structural and chromosomal location analysis.In addition,this study also calculated the repeating events and tandem repeat genes in the R gene family;using homologous genes of Arabidopsis constructed of a network diagram of protein interactions of R genes.Finally,using the RNA-seq explored the expression characteristics.Here are the results of this study:1.Identification and sequences characteristics of R genes in wild emmer: 108 candidates were identified in wild emmer genome by using blastp and hmmsearch.The physical and chemical analyze revealed the big differences between the sequence lengths,molecular weight and p I.The length of the R gene protein sequence was between 193 aa and 1969 aa,which was in the middle of the wild emmer wheat protein sequence,but the overall difference was also relatively large.The molecular weight was between 21621.2 Da and 222070.6 Da.The p I was distributed between 5 and 9.96.Analysis of cis-acting components revealed the presence of multiple cis-acting components which were associated with growth development,tissue differentiation,and stress response.And there were 622 cis-acting elements associated with the light response,which suggested that the expression of the R gene may be regulated by light response.2.Phylogenetic analysis of the R gene in wild emmer wheat: Use MEGA to align the R genes and construct the phylogenetic tree of candidate genes of R gene family.According to the phylogenetic tree and the structural domains,the R genes can be divided into three categories: CNL subfamily,TNL subfamily and non-NL subfamily.3.Protein interactions network of R genes in wild emmer wheat: analysis of the protein interactions network of R genes revealed that most genes interacting with R genes are genes which are related to growth development and stress response.For instance,there are nine genes from families related to growth development and 11 genes from families related to stress response and immune response.This result reveals functional diversity of the R gene.4.Expression characterization of R genes in wild emmer wheat: using RNA-seq explore the time-specific expression of R genes in wild emmer wheat.The result showed that multiple R genes had tissue expression specificity.Some of these R genes,like TRIDC3BG085010,are highly expressed in flowers,while others,like TRIDC1BG002730,are highly expressed in leaves and roots.This suggests that the R gene is heavily involved in the growth and development of plants.Among them,CNL subfamily genes are mostly involved in flower expression and leaf and root expression,while TNL subfamily genes are hardly involved in flower gene expression and are significantly increased in leaf and root expression.The analysis of R gene expression after inoculating with Fusarium graminearum shows that R genes,like TRIDC6AG002920,does correlate with plant in response to Fusarium graminearum.Expression characterization of four candidate genes reveals that R gene expression is induced by P.albicans5.SNP Infinium assay and population structure analysis: In the tetraploid wheat population,there are 13,000 missense mutation sites,26 early termination mutation sites,25 stop codon deletion mutation sites,and one start codon deletion mutation site on the R gene.According to the phylogenetic analysis and the analysis of principal traits,the differentiation of R loci in tetraploid wheat is in accordance with the differentiation process of tetraploid wheat population...