Effects Of Dietary Different Vegetable Oils On Growth Performance,Meat Quality And Health Of Pigs

Rapeseed oil and flax oil contain polyunsaturated fatty acids.Adding vegetable oil to the diet is beneficial to the growth and development of the body.54 Duroc ×Large White × Landrace cross-bred growing-finishing pigs with an average weight of45 kg were randomly divided into three groups.They were fed with high carbohydrate diet(with 7% starch added),rapeseed oil diet(with 4.5% rapeseed oil,rich in linoleic acid)and mixed oil diet(with 4.5% mixed oil,rich in linolenic acid)respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 years D.By measuring the growth performance,slaughtering performance,meat quality,fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue,physical and chemical indexes of blood,immunity and antioxidant performance indexes of experimental animals,the effects of adding different vegetable oil to diets on production performance,meat quality and health characteristics of pigs were studied.The results are as follows:1.The effect of adding vegetable oil to the diet on the growth performance and slaughter performance of pigsFeed intake was recorded daily at the beginning,middle and end of the whole feeding experiment.After the end of feeding experiment,slaughter experiment was carried out to record the indexes related to carcass traits,organ weight and organ index.There was no significant difference in growth performance among the three groups(P>0.05).There was no significant effect of dietary composition on carcass traits(P>0.05)or organ index(P>0.05).In conclusion,the addition of vegetable oil in the diet did not significantly affect growth performance,carcass traits and organ index(P>0.05).2.Effects of different vegetable oils added to diet on meat quality and intramuscular and subcutaneous fat cellsThere were significant effects on a * value,drip loss and shear strength of the longest muscle quality index(P < 0.05),of canola oil group A * value was significantly lower than the other two groups(P<0.05).The drip loss of the mixed oil group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).The shear force of rapeseed oil group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other meat quality traits(P>0.05).There was significant difference in intramuscular fat content of semitendinosus muscle quality in three experimental groups(P<0.05).The content of intramuscular fat in the high carbohydrate group was significantly lower than that in the other twogroups(P<0.05).The shear force of mixed oil group was significantly higher than that of high carbohydrate group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference among other meat quality indexes(P>0.05).HE staining was carried out on paraffin sections of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the fat of the back.The results showed that different vegetable oil added to the diet significantly affected the fat cells,subcutaneous fat cells and muscle fibers.The number and area of fat cells in muscle were significantly reduced by adding mixed vegetable oil(P < 0.05).The number of subcutaneous adipocytes in the high carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05),but the area of adipocytes was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).Rapeseed oil significantly increased the area of muscle fiber(P<0.05),and decreased the number of muscle fiber(P<0.05).3.Effect of vegetable oil on fatty acid composition of pigsThere was no significant effect of vegetable oil on the content of saturated fatty acids in longissimus dorsi and subcutaneous fat.The n-3 PUFA content in the longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly increased and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was decreased(P<0.05).The content of n-3 PUFA in the subcutaneous fat of the three experimental groups was significantly different.The content of n-3 PUFA in the mixed oil group was the highest,followed by the rapeseed oil group,and the content of n-3 PUFA in the non added vegetable oil group was the lowest.n-6/n-3 PUFA in subcutaneous fat of mixed oil test group decreased significantly(P<0.05).4.The effect of adding vegetable oil to the diet on the biochemical index,immune performance and antioxidant performance of pig serumThe content of complement protein and immunoglobulin in the serum of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the high carbohydrate group(P<0.05).The serum immunity of the experimental animals in rapeseed oil group was the best.There was no significant difference between the two indexes(GSSG and ROS)in the effect of dietary composition on the anti-oxidation indexes of pig serum;the other indexes were significantly different;the addition of vegetable oil could significantly improve the anti-oxidation ability of animal serum(P<0.05).The mixed oil group had the best antioxidant performance.Adding vegetable oil to the diet could significantly reduce LDL and increase HDL in serum(P<0.05).The concentration of Glu in blood and the activity of INSwere increased by adding vegetable oil P<0.05).Vegetable oil also decreased SCr and TP(P<0.05).Dietary components had no significant effect on the contents of TC,TG,UN,ALT,AST,ALB and GLB.