| The herbaceous plants under the forest have important ecological significance in the engineering practice of soil and water conservation,scenic vegetation restoration,and conversion of farmland to forests and grasses.In this thesis,the understory herbaceous plants in Wutai Mountain Scenic Area are used as the research object,and quantitative ecological methods are used to analyze the changes in species diversity under human disturbance and the correlation between species diversity index and human disturbance indicators,geographical factors,soil physical and chemical properties,etc.At the same time,the ecological response of different herbaceous species under the artificial disturbance in the Wutai Mountain forest was analyzed based on the niche theory.The main research results are as follows:1、 By constructing the data matrix of the ecological quality of the herb community under the forest,using the TWINSPAN classification,the 80 samples of wutaishan are divided into four ecological quality types of excellent,good,intermediate and differential,and then based on these 4 types of areas,the corresponding underforest herb community characteristic matrix is constructed.By using the TWINSPAN classification,five under-mountain herbs were divided into eight groups.2、The analysis results of species diversity show that,overall,species richness,uniformity,and diversity have a gradual decrease trend from group 1 cluster to group 8 cluster,that is,as the degree of disturbance gradually increases,The species diversity of the herbaceous flora under the forest gradually decreased,and the community structure and species composition were also affected.Groups 3 and 4 have the highest values in richness,uniformity,and diversity.This is because these two groups of clusters belong to good-grade areas,and the quality of the ecological environment in the good-grade areas is good.Moderate disturbance indicates that a certain degree of disturbance can promote species diversity.3、The correlation analysis of species diversity index and artificial interference index shows that species diversity is significantly negatively correlated with tourism waste,man-made trampling area of soil bare area,and population ratio,i.e.,with the increase of the influence of human interference,the diversity of species shows a decreasing trend,and the correlation analysis of species diversity index and geographical factors shows that The elevation and slope were positively correlated with species diversity,and the Hill index in slope and uniformity showed significant positive correlation,indicating that with the higher elevation,the slope increased and the species richness increased with it;It shows that with the increase of soil pH,the abundance of species has a tendency to decrease,and the uniformity of species is positively correlated with soil pH,and the uniformity of species has a tendency to increase with the increase of soil pH.4、The theoretical analysis of ecological level shows that in the first 4 groups of clusters with good ecological environment and weak artificial interference intensity,the competition between species is fierce,and the advantages of seeding,Sanguisorba officinalis,Poa sphondylodes,Carex siderosticta and Artemisia japonica occupy a wider ecological level and have a higher ecological rate and strong offensiveness.It shows that it has strong ability and competitive power to utilize resources in the fierce inter-species competition.In the last 4 groups with poor ecological quality and strong artificial interference intensity,the Poa sphondylodes still show a wider ecological position,and the ecological response rate also has an increasing trend,showing its strong ability to adapt to the environment and the use of resources,while Sanguisorba officinalis,Carex siderosticta,Artemisia japonica still occupy a wider ecological position,but the competitive forces significantly decreased,There is a gradual transition from offensive species to phase-out species,this is due to Chenopodium serotinum,Setaria viridis,Artemisia lavandulaefolia,Potentilla chinensis,Ceranium sibiricum and other heaes began to appear,they gradually occupy a wider ecological position,its competitive forces also began to gradually strengthen,gradually become offensive species,indicating that this kind of weed has a strong ability to resist interference and use of resources,Lead to fierce competition with such advantages as Sanguisorba officinalis,Carex siderosticta,Artemisia japonica,and jointly seize community resources.This shows that excessive man-made interference will lead to overloading of the ecological environment,thus destroying the normal structure and type composition of the community,the cluster habitat gradually dry and biochemical,there is a trend along the trend of retrograde succession.Aconitum barbatum var.puberulum,Anemone rivularis var.flore-minore,Plantago asiatica,Vicia amoena,Astragalus adsurgens,Dianthus chinensis,Scabiosa tschiliensis,Stellaria media strands only appear in individual herds and occupy a narrow ecological position,ecological response rate is gradually reduced,indicating that its ability to adapt to the environment and the use of resources limited capacity.Other populations showed no significant change.5、This paper explores the ecological response of understory herbaceous plants in Wutai Mountains to human disturbance through relevant theoretical methods of ecology.Based on this,it proposes reasonable planning of scenic spot construction,establishment of a panoramic area system,improvement of infrastructure construction,and regional division of tourist areas Suggestions such as zoning and raising tourists’ awareness of natural environmental protection. |
