| Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture(CCLR)is a common clinical disease in small animals.In recent years,the prevalence of the disease has been increasing.More and more pets are suffering from diseases related to anterior cruciate ligament dysfunction,but there are fewer related research.In order to explore the epidemiological characteristics of the disease and optimize the clinical treatment plan,in this study,Three hundred fifty-one CCLR cases were investigated and analyzed age,weight,breed,gender,etiology,surgical methods and imaging characteristics of affected dogs in Ruipeng Pet Hospital from 2018 to 2019.On this basis,thirty dogs were divided into three experimental groups: Cranial Tibial Wedge Osteotomy group,Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy group and conservative treatment group.Eight weeks later,the affected dogs in each group were reexamined for wound recovery,claudication status,joint imaging changes,blood routine and serum biochemical examinations to evaluate the efficacy of each experimental group.The main results are as follows:1.Epidemiological investigation showed that 351 dogs of CCLR had varying degrees of pain and claudication.There were symptoms of anxiety,resistance,and struggling at palpation.After sedation,the tibial compression test and drawer test were positive;Small dogs account for 62%(211/351),large dogs account for 20%(70/351),and medium dogs account for 18%(63/351).Affected dogs have more incidence from one to seven years of age;there are 53 cases of poodle in small dogs(15.10%),and usually associated with dislocation of the sacrum,there were 31 more Labrador retriever than other large dogs(8.83%).In addition,the prevalence of females(52.91%)was slightly higher than that of males;241(68.67%)chose conservative treatment and 110(31.33%)chose surgical treatment,of which artificial ligaments(11.97%)and TPLO(10.54%)were relatively high.2.Compared with the X-ray film of normal dogs,the low-density triangle area above the tibial condyles in the knee capsule of the affected dogs was obviously narrowed.The tibia surface of the affected dog is not smooth and the tibia is shifted forward.In some affected dogs,low-density areas were almost lost in the joint capsule,and a small amount of flocculent tibia,femur,and sacrum were formed.The average tibial plateau angle(TPA)of affected dogs was 26.24 °.3.By comparing three methods for treating affected dogs,it was found that CTWO and TPLO had similar effects.The claudication score of affected dogs was significantly reduced at the eight weeks after operation(with no claudication when walking or trotting,no sign of pain when touching,and normal bearing limb weight bearing).The wound healed well,and the imaging score did not increase significantly compared to pre-operation.The angle of the tibial plateau was adjusted,and the balance of the knee joint was basically maintained.After conservative treatment,affected dogs still had lameness,and the imaging scores increased in four cases.The persistent instability of the joints promoted the development of arthritis.Most dog anterior cruciate ligament ruptures are caused by chronic degenerative changes of the ligaments.Fibroblasts appear in tissue sections and the hierarchy of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix is destroyed.The above results indicated that CCLR occurs in dogs,which occur more frequently in males than in small dogs,and that dogs such as poodle have a higher incidence.Labrador retriever was genetically susceptible.The imaging manifestations were tibia anteversion,narrowing of the joint space,fibrosis of the tissue around the ligaments,and degenerative changes in the joints.CTWO is similar to TPLO in that it could restore the stability of the knee joint and improve the claudication condition.The choice of surgical method should be determined with the specific conditions of affected dog and the economic situation of the owner.Chronic fractured ligament tissue is manifested by the reduction of fibroblasts and the destruction of collagen fiber hierarchy. |
