Effects Of Different Planting Methods On The Growth And Development Of Rice And Its Subsequent Wheat

The increasing shortage of labor force is one of the main problems facing agricultural production in our country at present,rice direct seeding is a cultivation technique suitable for light simplification and mechanization,which has the advantages of labor saving and cost-saving and efficiency increase.At present,research on direct-seeded rice mainly focuses on mechanical direct seeding,nutrient management,growth process,and material accumulation and distribution,and there are few studies on the rice-wheat rotation production system about different rice planting methods.Therefore,this experiment set up three rice planting methods:dry direct seeding,wet direct seeding,and transplanting,and selected four rice varieties Huanghuazhan（HHZ）,Huhan 15（HH15）,Liangyou 6326（LY6326）and Hanyou 73（HY73）and one wheat variety Zhengmai 9023（ZM9023）as the test materials to explore the effects of different planting methods on the growth and development of rice and its subsequent wheat.The results are as follows:（1）The yield of wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice was 8.89%-24.03%and 7.11%-32.86%higher than that of dry-seeded rice,respectively,which is mainly due to the more effective panicles per unit area of wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice;the water productivity,nitrogen grain production efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of dry direct-seeded rice were 83.84%-120.73%,8.54%-29.32%,4.92%-16.98%and 44.44%-98.90%,6.86%-28.13%,1.59%-10.17%higher than wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice,respectively.（2）The urease activity and NO₃^﹣-N content of the dry direct seeding rice field soil were significantly higher than that of the wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice field soil,and the NH₄^﹢-N content of the wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice field soil were higher than that of the dry-seeded rice field soil,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in the transplanted rice field soil was higher than that of the direct-seeded rice field soil,there was no significant difference in the content of total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in the soil of the dry direct-seeded and wet direct-seeded rice field,and the content of available phosphorus in the soil of the dry direct-seeded rice field was lower than that of the wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice field.（3）The yield of dry direct-seeded rice subsequent wheat was 9.84%-23.33%and 1.93%-7.65%higher than that of wet direct-seeded and transplanted rice subsequent wheat.Among the three rice-wheat rotation systems,the economic benefits of dry direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system and transplanted rice-wheat rotation system were 10.22%-35.20%and 5.50%-56.39%higher than wet direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system,respectively.In conclusion:The economic benefits of dry direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system and transplanted rice-wheat rotation system were higher than that of wet direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system,and the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of dry direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system was higher than that of wet direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system and transplanted rice-wheat rotation system,and the artificial input in rice and wheat production process is also less.Therefore,according to the results of all aspects,the overall social,economic and ecological benefits of dry direct-seeded rice-wheat rotation system are higher,which is more suitable for large-scale promotion.